Cardiology
Which foods should be avoided while on warfarin?
Foods with Vitamin K, leafy green vegetables, chocolate, green tea.
Rifampin is used to treat TB. What should the nurse teach the patient regarding body fluids?
Rifampin changes body fluids to orange-red, brown-red
What is the reversal agent to opioids?
Naloxone (Narcan)
Aspart is a fast acting insulin. True or False?
True. Aspart should be given with food to avoid hypoglycemia.
What is a common sign of sleep apnea?
Snoring
ABCDE of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
A- age, gender, race
B- bulkiness (obesity)
C- circumference (neck)
D- disrupted air flow
E- extended family members
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune dz causing what?
Neuromuscular dysfunction causing muscle weakness.
Osteopenia is caused by loss of what bone minerals?
Calcium and Vitamin D
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor. What 3 things should be monitored while on these meds?
Airway issues (angioedema) puffy tongue
Cough
Elevated K+ (hyperkalemia)
What is VRE?
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (urine infection resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin). Requires "contact precautions."
A common sign with aspirin (salicylic acid) toxicity?
tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Which diabetes is insulin-dependent and which is insulin-resistant?
Insulin-dependent is Type 1
Insulin Resistant is Type 2
Name the 3 types of PNA
Community acquired, Hospital acquired, Aspiration, Ventilator (Hospital)
Name the condition that can cause sudden temporary weakness or paralysis on one side of the face often confused for a stroke.
Bells Palsy
Nursing interventions- soft foods, safety, dry eyes
Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of what?
Rapid muscle breakdown, symptom is dark amber urine leading into kidney failure.
Name a calcium channel blocker that calms the heart, stabilizes the rate and rhythm.
Diltiazem
Low WBCs indicate what type of contact the person should be on?
Neutropenia and neutropenia precautions.
Filtered water, no flowers, no fresh fruits or veggies, avoid multiple visitors
Which chronic conditions should avoid morphine for pain?
Renal and Liver conditions.
Addison's patients need what medication to regulate their symptoms?
Steroids. With ADDison's we ADD steroids. The adrenal gland does not produce enough hormones. Provide salty snacks.
Dullness percussed over the lungs may indicate what?
Fluid in the lungs is dull on percussion and crackles on auscultation.
Medical providers use FAST to teach Stroke prevention. What does each letter stand for?
Face- facial symmetry
Arms- weakness in one arm
Speech- expressive/receptive aphasia, slurred speech
Time- 4 hours to receive Alteplase (TPA) to reverse stroke symptoms in Ischemic strokes.
What class of disease is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Autoimmune
Digoxin decreases the heart rate. What are the 3 signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity?
Nausea, vomiting, green visual disturbances.
Diverticulitis is what?
Diverticulitis is an infection and inflammation of small pouches in the colon called diverticula. Dietary restrictions- no seeds, no red meat. 3 F's to prevent flare ups- fluid, fiber, fitness
What type of monitor should the nurse have in place for a patient receiving morphine?
Pulse oximeter
Excessive urination for example 900ml in 2 hours could indicate what disease?
ADH hormone issues
Low ADH would cause excessive thirst and urine
High ADH would retain too much fluid causing fluid buildup
JVD at rest indicates what?
Fluid volume overload from CHF or other circulatory problems.
What portion of the brain controls coordination and balance?
Cerebellum
Kyphosis is a curvature in the spine caused by degenerative diseases. This may lead to strain on what organ?
The lung
HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide is used as a diuretic to treat HTN and edema. What should be monitored with this medication?
Potassium. Like furosemide HCTZ can also deplete K through urine.
Change in mental status, poor motor coordination.
Opioids can suppress the respiratory system. It can cause constipation and what to the bladder?
Opioids can cause urinary retention
What are the 4 signs of Cushion Syndrome?
C- cushion
U- unusual hair growth
S- skin purple striae
H- high sugar, high weight
Big, Round, Hairy Cushion
Cushing's Triad- widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, irregular respirations
Incentive Spirometers helps to expand __________ and prevents _________ and __________.
Lungs
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Dilated pupils may indicate what?
A neuro complication the pupils are a window to the brain.
Muscle pain may indicate rhabdomyolysis, a serious complication of what drug class?
Statins are medications used for hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia. Atorvastatin (lipitor), simvastatin (zocor)