Intro to Psycholinguistics
Morphemes that vary phonetically (ex. "s" in bats vs. "s" in bags)
What are allomorphs?
Located in the frontal lobe; Anterior to central sulcus
What is the Primary Motor Cortex?
Using phonetic or graphic data to get to the meaning
What is Bottom-Up Processing?
Challenges for young infants
-Duality of patterning
- Determining what changes in a sound cause a meaning difference
When children are no longer using a language
What is Language Loss?
The ERPs for these sentences are:
1) The boy will packing the bag.
2) The mouse will eat the door.
1) P600 Expecting: the boy will pack the bag
2) N400 Expecting: The mouse will eat the cheese
Characteristics of a vowel are determined by...
Formant patterns (steady states and transitions)
Formants (primary F1 and F2 in English)
Duration
Phonological Neighbors
Difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes
Derivational: affixes that change the lexical category or meaning
Inflectional: affixes that change grammatical form
Lesion that causes the inability to repeat words
Conduction Aphasia- lesion in the Arcuate Fasciculus that connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Consonants most likely to affected by age-related hearing loss
What are Fricatives?
Fricatives are aperiodic and have a relatively higher frequency
A child that refers to all four-legged animals as a "horse" is exhibiting...
Underextension
A word innately understood by all people but hard to define in simpler terms (ex. good)
What are Semantic Primitives?
Children still developing language after a Hemispherectomy (left side) suggests...
If a Left Hemispherectomy is performed in the "Critical Period," children often are able to still develop language. This demonstrates the incredible neuroplasticity of the brain in early childhood.
Sounds such as vowels are perceived ____________ while sounds such as stop consonants are perceived as ____________
Continuously: gradient organization
Categorically: all-or-nothing organization
A parent points to their new cup and says "Tumbler." Their child can now identify that their water bottle and tumbler are different. This example shows...
Mutual Exclusivity Bias
Aspects of sentences that influence the meaning/semantics (Hint: 4 discussed)
Synonymy/Paraphrase: saying the same thing in different ways; sentences that vary but have the same meaning
Ambiguity: Sentence with multiple meanings
Anomaly: Word meanings contradict each other in the context of a sentence
Inference: The meaning is implied but not explicitly stated
A patient with documented brain damage has trouble understanding the tone of someone's voice. Which hemisphere is likely damaged?
Right Hemisphere (fucntions: higher order processing, linguistic prosody, visuo-spatial representation)
Phonemic Restoration Effect (the impact of top-down processing)
Toddlers referring to a couch as a chair demonstrates...
They have fewer features to identify categories than adults