Units 1-3
Semantics and Pragmatics
Language Production
Morphology
Syntax & Language Acquisition
100
Mishearing an utterance (song lyric, idiom, etc.).
What is a mondegreen?
100
The core meaning of a sentence.
What is a proposition?
100
The concept depicted here. 
What is saying one thing but meaning something else? (Insight into the mechanics of speech production.)
100
Free and bound.
What are the two main types of morphemes?
100
Humans, frogs, chinchillas and Macaque monkeys have this in common.
What is categorical perception?
200
This sentence would elicit an N400 ERP waveform on an EEG.
A. Bob walks to work after breakfast.
B. Bob will got an omelet for breakfast.
C. Bob cut his omelet with a car.
D. Bob drove his car to work.
What is (C).
200
The reason an inference is made by one conversational partner.
What is a violation of one of Grice's maxims?
200
"The perple came over for dinner last night" demonstrates this type of speech error.
What is a blend [of two words]?
200
Nouns vs. prepositions
What are examples of open vs. closed word classes
200
We acquire large vocabularies and need to be able to combine words without using memorized structures.
What are two reasons we need syntax?
300
This stream of language processing, responsible for complex syntax and articulation planning, is underdeveloped in children.
What is the dorsal stream?
(So they use the ventral stream more-rely on word meaning and simpler syntax, focus on "what" vs. "how.")
300
Three factors that impact the formation of a mental model.
What are memory, background knowledge, time, space, cause/effect, and spatial relationships?
300
Three characteristics of child-directed speech.
What are....?
–Limited vocabulary
–Repetition
–Slower rate of speech
–Exaggerated intonation
–Lengthened vowels
–Higher pitch
–Fewer verbs
–“Here and now” focus
–Names vs. pronouns
-Phonetic simplification of some words
300
The smallest unit of meaning in a language.
What is a morpheme?
300
The main conclusion of the Saffran, Aslin & Newport (1996) study.
*Be careful of your wording
What is the previously underestimated role that environmental factors and statistical analysis have on language acquisition in young infants?
400
The visual depiction of what a lexicon looks like (we drew this in class on the board) reflects this model of word recognition.
What is the standard model of word recognition?
*complex network-links are made between words that are semantically related
400
The age at which we first start drawing inferences during conversation.
What is age 7 or older (but there's a wide range of normal)?
400
The presence of these at word boundaries tells us utterances are planned in chunks. (Also give an example.)
What are disfluencies?
400
The number of morphemes in the following utterance: "Mommy Sarah's sad. She wanted cookies."
What are 9?
400
We use this to help us learn the meanings of verbs.
What is syntactic bootstrapping?
500
Semantic priming has been studied in spoken and written language using these two types of tasks.
What are eye tracking and lexical decision tasks?
500
To solve this type of ambiguity we need grammatical knowledge, real world knowledge and information in our mental model about antecedents involved in a sentence.
What is pronoun ambiguity?
500
The differences between the serial vs. cascaded models of language production.
What are:
- the overlap of message planning and word retrieval (in the cascaded model)
-earlier stages must finish before next one starts; lemma activation and lexical selection are distinct steps (in the serial model)
500
Children begin to combine morphemes at this age.
What is age 18-24 months (or as soon as they start combining words)?
500
Two beliefs for how children learn that words belong to certain grammatical categories.
What are 1) semantic bootstrapping and 2) use of a lot of input in conjunction with innate capabilities?