Properties of Language
The goal of communication is to have speakers and listeners match on the linguistic level. The goal of psycholinguistics is to...
Generate knowledge about how the physiological and acoustic levels occur between the speakers and listeners so that we can better understand how these linguistic levels are able to match or why they don't in some cases
T or F: fMRI is a direct measure of brain activity based on hemodynamic changes
False; indirect!
One of the critiques of Whorf's conclusions from observing the Hopi language is that there wasn't an independent measure of 'thought.' What does this refer to?
Whorf simply looked at the languages and inferred that the presence of the grammatical forms themselves demonstrated that the Hopi people had different thoughts in order to distinguish and choose the correct form. However, the was no explicit measure that indicated this.
What are the components of a spectrogram?
X-axis: time
Y-axis: frequency
Amplitude is shown by how dark or light the gray is.
Sarah places her hands far apart to indicate that something is big. Unlike this type of gesture, the fact that sounds [dɔg] refer to the canis lupus familiaris species in English exemplifies that language is....
Symbolic/Non-Iconic
What is the difference between localization and lateralization?
Localization refers to the specialization of particular brain areas for particular functions and lateralization refers to the specialization of function to one side of the brain or another.
In the animals in a row task, Tzeltal speakers tended to use the geocentric reference frame more while the Dutch speakers tended to use the egocentric reference frame. Why might it be hard to say this is proof that language determines thought?
The salient landmarks (the mountains/hills) that were in view when testing the Tzeltal speakers
Fricatives, affricates, and nasals are examples of what dimension for which sounds can vary?
Manner of Articulation
The sentence...
"The baby who ate the clementine that was given to them by their mother who was now on the couch that they recently bought which was on the carpet."
demonstrates:
Recursion
A patient whose corpus callosum has been severed participates in a task where they have to name an object as well as pull an object from either their left or right visual field. They aren't able to name the object in their left visual field, but they are able to pick the object up. What do the results from the SEARCH task indicate?
This suggests that there is not a global knowledge deficit in the right hemisphere that is preventing the patient from naming the object.
the Tzeltal responses
You are given the sentence the "the ___eel is on the car" with white noise in the space. What will the participant likely say they heard despite not hearing all the phonemes?
"Wheel"; phoneme restoration effect
"Ghoti" can never be the same as "fish" in English despite all of these sounds making the same sounds as "fish" in particular contexts. What does this demonstrate about language?
Language is rule-governed- discrete combinatory system
The word "cat" is played in the left ear and the word "bat is played in the right ear. What will the participant be more likely to hear?
"Bat"
T or F: Some concepts aren't encoded in language
True!
The fact that we can determine the difference between the initial sound in "pat" and "bat" despite there being only a millisecond VOT difference, but not the "p" sound in "pat" and "top" demonstrates what problem in speech perception?
Lack of invariance
In English, the word for a certain smart and playful sea mammal is "dolphin." However, in my language/dialect, the name for this creature is "lumba-lumba." What property of language does this example demonstrate?
Language is arbitrary
Before a child can even say words, they will make different types of vocalizations. One of these vocalizations is called babbling. You are doing an experiment about babbling in 5-month-olds. If the movements that are required to babble are only just motor flexing, you would observe...
Equal mouth opening on both sides for babbling as smiling
Russian participants no longer responding faster in the color discrimination task when there was a verbal inference, but still responding faster when there was a spatial interference suggests...
Students often write "for all intensive purposes" instead of "for all intents and purposes" What are these referred to as and what do they demonstrate about speech perception?
Mondegreen; top-down effects of speech perception