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This treaty promised that the United States would honor all land grants awarded to New Mexicans during the Spanish and Mexican eras.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
How did Billy the Kid die?
He was shot by a new Lincoln County sheriff, Pat Garrett, in Ft. Sumner on July 14, 1881.
What was community land in NM in the late 1800s used for?
Community land was used for grazing livestock, gathering firewood, and hunting game.
A group of men asked by a sheriff to help with law enforcement.
Posse
Who was the Colfax County War was a struggle between?
The Maxwell Land Grant Company and local settlers.
How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the dispute between the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the local settlers?
In favor of the Maxwell Land Grant Company.
What did people think of Billy the Kid?
They admired him for fighting Murphy and knew he was a popular, likeable young man.
The Lincoln War began with:
A series of murders.
Dishonest.
Corrupt
What made Maxwell's land so good?
Much of the land was fertile, the climate was excellent, and there was water available in much of the area, and gold was discovered there in 1866.
The most famous conflict in New Mexico.
The Lincoln County War.
How many smaller counties was Lincoln County divided into?
Six.
Many land grant problems affected which town by the late 1800s?
Las Vegas
A person who settles on unoccupied land without legally purchasing or renting it.
Squatter
A powerful group of corrupt businessmen and politicians.
The Santa Fe Ring.
What was the state of the land grants by 1850?
By 1850, there were about 270 land grants in, covering approximately 15 million square miles.
Billy the Kid's benefactor was:
John Henry Tunstall
What started the Colfax County War?
The violence began in 1875 with the murder of Franklin J. Tolby, a Methodist minister who had spoken out against the Maxwell Land Grant company.
Which two modern towns were established on the Maxwell Land Grant?
Elizabethtown and Cimarron.
What problems did land grant boundaries have?
Boundaries were often unclear about the ownership of natural features, and were difficult to defend in U.S. courts.
Hispanic farmers who organized to resist the invasion of their lands by “land grabbing” newcomers and the Santa Fe Railroad.
Las Gorras Blancas
NM became increasingly lawless for these reasons:
There were few lawmen in many parts of New Mexico, New Mexico was so large and so full of places for outlaws to hide, and because New Mexico had new sources of wealth after the Civil War.
By the 1870's, Lincoln County was dominated by the owner of the general store: "The House."
Irish immigrant and businessman Lawrence G. Murphy.
What happened once the railroad reached Las Vegas?
Newcomers began arriving in large numbers.
Approximately how much of the land granted to Hispanic land owners during the Spanish and Mexican eras was lost by 1900?
2/3.