Urban Zones Models
classifying land and identifying the types of activities that are permitted
Zoning
refers to the movement of people to towns/cities and the resulting expansion of the rural countryside
Urbanization
process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city
Sprawl (Suburban)
Both New York and London are considered leading financial, commercial and cultural centers. The term used is called:
Alpha ++ Cities
area containing light industry, housing for the poor, and serves as a transition zone between the businesses in the CBD and the more purely residential areas in the outer zones
Zone of Transition
A Theory that explains the distribution, size, location, and interaction of settlements in an urban system
settlements provide a set of goods and services to their hinterland, which is the surrounding market area
Christaller’s Central Place Theory
extension of the von Thünen model that implies that rent is equal to the value of the product minus production and transportation costs
Bid-Rent Theory
a very large, heavily populated urban complex.
Megalopolis
a spatial model of the American city that suggests the existence of five concentric rings around a CBD
Concentric Zone Model
ranked, ordered list of clustered settlements based on size; from smallest to largest: hamlet, village, town, city, megalopolis
Urban Hierarchy
residential areas characterized by extreme poverty with shelters constructed of found materials (scrap wood, etc.) that usually exist on land just outside of cities
Squatter Settlements
a large city with over 10 million people and found
Mega-City
a spatial model of the American city that suggests that land-use areas conform to a wedge-shaped pattern focused on the downtown core (CBD)
Sector(Hoyt) Zone Model
small urban settlement (larger than a hamlet) likely to offer several dozen services that are more specialized than those of a hamlet
Village
an area of natural land on which building is restricted and whose main purpose is to prevent the outward expansion of a large urban area e.g. London
Greenbelt
a large city with over 20 million people found
Meta-City
a spatial model that shows the mid 20th century American city consisting of several land-use zones (nodes) arranged around a CBD
Multiple Nuclei Model
the maximum distance people will travel to purchase goods and services
Range
an area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods
Census Tract
a residential area located on the periphery of a city
Suburb
a spatial model in which American urban areas consist of a central city surrounded by a large suburban area, shopping malls, office parks, industrial areas, and service complexes tied together by a beltway, or ring road
Galactic Model
The minimum number of people needed for a business to prosper
Threshold
a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries
Redlining
a concentration of residential and economic (business, shopping, entertainment) activity located in the suburbs
Edge City
a spatial city model that includes an old colonial port zone that is the focal point of the city reflecting a city oriented around exports, and radiating outward
Southeast Asian City Model
the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy
Rank Size Rule
the restoration of deteriorated urban areas by wealthier people who move into, renovate, and restore housing and sometimes businesses
Gentrification
A city that functions as a service center of the world economy driving globalization at the top of the urban hierarchy
World City
a spatial city model that is difficult to formulate due to the imprint of European colonialism, has 3 CBD locations(Colonial, Traditional, Market)
Sub-Saharan African City Model
a country's largest city, at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant (usually the capital city) and represents national culture
Primate City
a wealthy residential area located far away from the city. It's even beyond the suburbs and offers quieter and more private lifestyle.
Exurb
in the United States; this area consists of one or more counties that contain a city of 50,000 or more inhabitants.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)/ Metro