Authoritarianism in the Interwar Years
After the First World War, Germany transitioned from a constitutional monarchy to parliamentary rule.
What was the Weimar Republic?
This group of largely Indian attorneys of all religious communities formed the earliest proto-nationalist association in 1885.
Who were...the Indian National Congress?
According to the authors of Traditions and Encounters, the post-Great War peace officially ended when Japan invaded this place in 1931?
What is...Manchuria?
The war started and ended with Japan, concluding when the United States dropped atomic bombs on these two cities.
What are...Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
What was...the Sinews of Peace (or "Iron Curtain") speech?
Who was Benito Mussolini?
This leader became the first to independently rule a sub-Saharan African nation, advocating the unification of the entire continent.
Who was...Kwame Nkrumah?
After the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5, the Treaty of Shimonoseki ceded this large island off the Chinese coast to Japan.
What is...Taiwan?
These two countries were the only Latin American allies to actively participate in military campaigns during the Second World War.
Who are...Brazil and Mexico?
In 1958, Mao Zedong implemented Communist China's first five year plan, which resulted at least 30 million people died of famine.
What was...the Great Leap Forward?
These property-owning peasants destroyed their crops and killed their animals in protest against Stalin's farm policies.
Who were the Kulaks?
Colonial subjects utilized a concept, popularized by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson at the Treaty of Versailles, which implied the right to govern themselves.
What is...self-determination?
In 1910, this Asian territory completely ceded its entire sovereignty over its territory to the Emperor of Japan.
What is...Korea?
This was the bloodiest single most battle during the Second World War with over 2 million casualties.
What was...the Battle of Stalingrad?
After this failed US-supported intervention with Cuban emigres in 1961, Fidel Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist and aligned himself publicly to the Soviet Union.
What was...the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
Both communism, fascism, and Nazism rejected this form of government, instead choosing to rule through authoritarianism and the cult of a leader.
What is liberal democracy?
Who were...the National Congress of British West Africa?
Konoe Fumimaro served as a Japanese delegate at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and empathized most with this First World War power/state.
Who is...Germany?
These Jews organized armed resistance through the formation of partisan groups to save over 1,200 Jews, one of the most successful efforts during the Holocaust.
Who were...the Bielski Brigade?
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev implemented a series of reforms to improve communism in the Soviet Union including this policy that embraced openness in civil society.
What was...Glasnot?
Introduced by Lenin in 1921, this plan allowed state-owned banks and industry but permitted small private businesses, including peasant farmers selling surplus crops for profit.
What is the New Economic Plan (or NEP)?
Mohandas K. Gandhi used concept of ahimsa to develop a set of practices based on the belief that taking the high moral ground exposed the government's actions and policies.
What was...non-violence (or civil disobedience)?
Articulated in the 1930s, this Japanese policy sought to end Western imperialism in Asia and create an unified economic and political zone under Japanese leadership.
What was...the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (or Asia for Asians or Pan-Asianism)
The third and final joint conference among the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union to finalize postwar settlement met in July 1945.
What was...the Potsdam Conference?
In 1968, the Soviet premier announced a policy that asserted the USSR's right to intervene in the affairs of its socialist satellite states to maintain communist rule.
What was...the Brezhnev Doctrine?