Authoritarianism in the Interwar Years
In 1933, Adolf Hitler's party won the plurality of votes in multiparty elections winning many electors with his promise to abolish this postwar settlement.
Who was...the Treaty of Versailles?
In 1885, these elite Indians of all religious communities formed the earliest proto-nationalist association on the Indian subcontinent.
Who were...the Indian National Congress?
According to the authors of Traditions and Encounters, the post-Great War peace officially ended when Japan when Japan invaded this region in 1931.
What is...Manchuria?
What was...the Battle of Midway?
In March 1946, Winston Churchill sounded the alarm on an impending conflict between Western democracies and the Soviet Union in this famous speech delivered in Missouri.
What was...the Sinews of Peace (or "Iron Curtain") speech?
Historians use this same term for both Germany's new government system after World War 1 and the period marking its shift from constitutional monarchy to parliamentary rule.
What was...the Weimar Republic?
This leader became the first to independently rule a sub-Saharan African nation, advocating the unification of the entire continent.
Who was...Kwame Nkrumah?
After the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5, the Treaty of Shimonoseki ceded this large island off the Chinese coast to Japan.
What is...Taiwan?
Some historians argue that the war began and ended with Japan, when the United States dropped atomic bombs on these two cities.
What are...Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
In 1958, Mao Zedong implemented Communist China's first five year plan, which resulted at least 30 million people died of famine, often called by this name.
What was...the Great Leap Forward?
This interwar authoritarian figure believed that "only blood makes the wheels of history turn"?
Who was...Benito Mussolini?
Colonial subjects increasingly invoked this concept, promoted by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson at the Treaty of Versailles, to assert their right to govern themselves.
What is...self-determination?
In 1910, this Asian territory completely ceded its entire sovereignty over its territory to the Emperor of Japan.
What is...Korea?
This conflict was the bloodiest single most battle during the Second World War with over two million casualties.
What was...the Battle of Stalingrad?
After this failed US-supported intervention with Cuban emigres in 1961, Fidel Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist and aligned himself publicly to the Soviet Union.
What was...the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
Both communism, fascism, and Nazism rejected this form of government, instead choosing to rule through authoritarianism and the cult of a leader.
What is...liberal democracy?
In 1952, these anticolonial Africans used violence to demand independence in a British East African colony that lasted until 1960.
Who were...the Mau Mau?
In the 1930s, Japan justified this policy as seeking to end Western imperialism in East Asia in order to create an unified economic and political zone under Japanese leadership.
What was...the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (or Asia for Asians or Pan-Asianism)?
These two countries were the only Latin American allies to actively participate in military campaigns during the Second World War.
Who are...Mexico and Brazil?
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev implemented a series of reforms to improve communism in the Soviet Union including this policy that embraced openness in civil society.
What was...Glasnot?
The kulaks, property-owning peasants, destroyed their crops and killed their animals in response to this Stalin agricultural policy to implement state-run farms in the 1930s.
What was...collectivization?
Mohandas K. Gandhi used this tactic or set of practices based on the belief that taking the high moral ground exposed the government's actions and policies.
What was...non-violence (or civil disobedience)?
Inspired by anticolonial student activists in Seoul angered by Japan's gains in the Treaty of Versailles, Chinese students launched nationwide protests now collectively known with this term.
What was...the May 4th Movement?
The third and final joint conference among the U.S., British, and Soviet leaders to finalize the postwar settlement met in this city the summer of 1945.
What is...Potsdam?
In 1968, the Soviet premier announced this policy that asserted the USSR's right to intervene in the affairs of its socialist satellite states to maintain communist rule.
What was...the Brezhnev Doctrine?