FIRST PEOPLES
This term describes Indigenous ways of passing knowledge, history, and law through stories.
What is oral tradition
This economic activity formed the basis of early French‑Indigenous relations.
What is the fur trade
This 1763 document recognized Indigenous land rights and set rules for settlement.
What is the Royal Proclamation
This 1870 act created Manitoba and promised Métis land rights.
What is the Manitoba Act
This WWI battle is often seen as a defining moment for Canadian identity.
What is Vimy Ridge
Indigenous worldviews emphasized this type of relationship with the land.
What is stewardship / living in balance with nature
The French landholding system along the St. Lawrence River.
What is the seigneurial system
These two groups rebelled in 1837–38 due to frustration with colonial government.
Who are the Reformers in Upper Canada and the Patriotes in Lower Canada
These agreements (1–7) transferred most Prairie land to the Canadian government.
What are the Numbered Treaties
This 1917 crisis divided English and French Canadians.
What is the Conscription Crisis
The Haudenosaunee Confederacy used this form of decision‑making.
What is consensus government
These missionaries attempted to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity.
Who are the Jesuits
his report recommended Responsible Government for the colonies.
What is the Durham Report
This 1876 law gave the federal government control over First Nations governance and identity.
What is the Indian Act
During WWII, Canada forcibly relocated and interned this group of people.
Who are Japanese Canadians
These two major Indigenous language/cultural groups dominated the eastern woodlands before contact.
Who are the Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabe
Indigenous women played a key role in the fur trade by doing this.
What is acting as cultural brokers, guides, and economic partners
One major reason the colonies joined Confederation in 1867.
What is political deadlock / fear of American expansion / economic issues
The Métis leader who guided both the Red River and North‑West Resistances.
Who is Louis Riel
This phrase described Canada’s refusal to accept Jewish refugees AFTER the Holocaust.
What is “None is Too Many”
This term describes the seasonal movement patterns many Indigenous nations used to sustainably manage resources.
What is the seasonal round
This conflict between Indigenous nations and Europeans reshaped power in the Great Lakes region during the 1600s.
What are the Haudenosaunee Wars (or Beaver Wars)
This group was excluded from Confederation negotiations despite being the original inhabitants of the land.
Who are Indigenous peoples
This major infrastructure project helped the government defeat the Métis in 1885
What is the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR
This 1939 ship carrying Jewish refugees was turned away from Canada.
What is the MS St. Louis