Vocabulary
king or queen
monarch
an English Enlightenment thinker who wrote Two Treatises of Government and believed that the role of government is to protect people’s natural rights (life, liberty, and property), and that government can only get its right to rule from the consent of the governed.
John Locke
leader of the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution who was executed
Maximilien
Robespierre
leader of German unification
Otto Von Bismarck
Leader of Latin American Independence movements who helped Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Columbia to become free from Spain. Hint: Bolivia is named after him.
Simon Bolivar
People who work for the church like the Pope, bishops, and priests
clergy
French Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Laws and believed that to keep one person or group from gaining too much power a government should be separated into three branches: judicial, legislative, and executive.
Baron de Montesquieu
king of France who was overthrown and executed during the French Revolution
Louis XVI
Bismarck’s policy for unifying Germany through war
blood & iron
Another leader who helped Argentina, Chili and Peru to become independent from Spain
Jose de San Martin
rights that all people are born with and that John Locke believed the government should protect including the rights to life, liberty, and property; sometimes called “natural laws”
natural rights
French Enlightenment thinker that supported the freedom of expression
Voltaire
document written by the National Assembly in 1789 which outline the ideals of the French Revolution
Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the
Citizen
strong feelings of support for one’s nation
nationalism
an attempt by one group to become independent from another
independence movement
a period of time (mid-1600s to the late 1700s) in Western Europe when philosophers and writers applied the scientific idea of reason to answer political questions. The Enlightenment is sometimes known as the Age of Reason.
The Enlightenment
English writer and supporter of women’s rights who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Mary Wolstonecraft
a period of intense violence from Sept 5 1793- July 28, 1794 in the French Revolution led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety
Reign of Terror
a leader of the Italian unification movement; unified the Southern part
Giuseppe Garibaldi
leader of the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint L’Ouverture
complete; total
absolute
a king or queen whose ideas and actions were influenced by the Enlightenment thinkers
Enlightened Despot
military leader and later emperor of France who brought order and stability towards the end of the Revolution. He attempted to conquer all of Europe, but failed and was eventually exiled to a remote island for the rest of his life
Napoleon Bonaparte
a leader of the Italian unification movement; unified the North
Cavour
priest who lead an independence movement in Mexico
Father Hidalgo