Chemistry
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Ion
The SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force.
Joule
The joule is named after James Prescott Joule, a British physicist and brewer who lived from 1818 to 1889. Joule made significant contributions to the field of thermodynamics and is best known for his experiments that established the relationship between heat and mechanical work.
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.
Cell
The smallest element that maintains the property of that element.
Atom
An atom is the basic building block of matter and consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each element has a unique atomic structure, which gives it distinct properties.
A structure that is composed of two or more different types of tissues.
Organ
An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or group of functions. Examples include the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys.
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine are all considered these types of molecules.
Diatomic Molecules.
These molecules consist of two atoms, either of the same or different chemical elements. Specifically, these seven elements naturally exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental form.
A quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another.
Vector
Vectors are used in various fields such as physics (to represent forces, velocity, and acceleration), engineering, computer graphics, and navigation.
This branch of science is concerned with the classification of organisms.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy involves naming, describing, and categorizing living organisms into groups based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. It plays a crucial role in understanding biodiversity and the relationships among different species.
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Element
Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of atom. They are the fundamental building blocks of matter and are listed in the Periodic Table. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, and gold.
This is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place inside the body.
Metabolism
Metabolism includes two main categories:
Catabolism: The breakdown of molecules to obtain energy.
Anabolism: The synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells.
Metabolism is essential for:
- Converting food into energy for cellular processes.
- Building and repairing tissues.
- Regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.
This is the year that the first Periodic Table of the Elements was made.
A.) 1869
B.) 1896
C.) 1769
D.) 1796
A.) 1869
The first periodic table was created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. He arranged the elements by atomic mass and predicted the existence of elements that were not yet discovered.
This is the spontaneous decomposition of an unstable atomic nucleus into a more stable form, in one of three decays: alpha, beta, gamma.
A) Nuclear fission
B) Nuclear fusion
C) Radioactivity
D) Isotope formation
C.) Radioactivity
A change of the DNA in an organism that results in a new trait.
A) Adaptation
B) Genetic Alteration
C) Mutation
D) Variation
C) Mutation
A mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism that can lead to the development of a new trait or characteristic. Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication or can be induced by environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Not all mutations result in visible changes; some may have no effect, while others can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the organism.
An element or a compound is always considered to be this type of substance.
A) Mixture
B) Homogeneous Substance
C) Pure Substance
D) Heterogeneous Substance
Pure Substance
Pure substances are materials that have a uniform and definite composition. They can be either elements, which consist of only one type of atom, or compounds, which are made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?
A) Ultraviolet Radiation
B) Radio Waves
C) X-rays
D) Visible Light
B) Radio Waves
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths that can range from about one millimeter to over 100 kilometers, making them the longest wavelength part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Uses of Radio Waves:
This man is credited with the creation of the modern Periodic Table.
A) John Dalton
B) Dmitri Mendeleev
C) Antoine Lavoisier
D) J.J. Thomson
B.) Dmitri Mendeleev, 1869.
The rate of change of momentum of a body falling freely under gravity is equal to its ______.
A. Mass
B. Velocity
C. Weight
D. Acceleration
C. Weight
This is because the weight of an object is the force acting on it due to gravity, and according to Newton's second law, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the net force acting on the object.
This Scottish physicist is best known for formulating the set of equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields, laying the foundation for modern electromagnetic theory.
A. Isaac Newton
B. Albert Einstein
C. James Clerk Maxwell
D. Michael Faraday
C. James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell was a pioneering physicist best known for his formulation of the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which unified electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. His most significant contribution, known as Maxwell's equations, describes how electric and magnetic fields interact and propagate through space, fundamentally changing our understanding of physics.
What is the process called when a solid turns directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase?
A. Melting
B. Evaporation
C. Sublimation
D. Condensation
C. Sublimation
Sublimation is the process in which a substance transitions directly from a solid state to a gas state without first becoming a liquid.
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are essential organelles often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell.
This element, essential for respiration and the most abundant in Earth's crust, makes up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere. What is it?
Oxygen
This unit measures the intensity of sound, commonly used to express sound levels in various environments, such as music or noise pollution.
Decibel
A decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to measure the intensity of sound. It quantifies sound levels relative to a reference level. The decibel scale is commonly referenced to the threshold of hearing (0 dB), which is the faintest sound that the average human ear can detect. For example, normal conversation is typically around 60 dB, while a rock concert might reach levels of 110 dB or more.
This organelle in a typical cell provides the function of ribosome production.
Nucleolus
It is located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and plays a crucial role in synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosome subunits.
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This is apart of Newton's First Law of Motion which is also considered to be the _____________________.
Law of Inertia
This structure of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body.
Large Intestine