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Accountability Theory
High Stakes 4 Students
High Stakes 4 Schools
High Stakes 4 Teachers
100
What we call standardized tests when their results are high risks for students, schools, and teachers
What is high-stakes tests?
100
In many states and districts, if students fail the end-of-year standardized tests, they will be denied ________________ and must repeat the grade level.
What is promotion?
100
Each year, schools must get a certain score on standardized tests. This score is known as AYP, or this.
What is annual yearly progress?
100
Teachers are now most often evaluated based on their VA, or _____________, the amount their teaching supposedly contributes to a students' test scores.
What is "value added"?
200
This piece of legislation, passed in 2001 under George W Bush, called for all states to adopt accountability measures that would require students, teachers, and schools to perform adequately on standardized tests or face tough sanctions.
What is NCLB, or No Child Left Behind?
200
In many states and districts, students must pass a standardized test by the end of 12th grade in order to _______________ from high school.
What is graduate?
200
The first year that a school fails to meet AYP, it is classified as "in need of improvement" and is basically put on p______________?
What is probation?
200
Even though multiple studies have shown VAM to be invalid and scientifically questionable, teachers whose VAM scores are high are often rewarded by this.
What is a salary bonus?
300
High-stakes accountability laws assume that all schools are equal, that teachers and students have adequate resources to succeed, but that schools, teachers, and students just lack the m_____________ to do well.
What is motivation?
300
Because they typically attend more poorly funded schools (with less quality teachers), African American and Latino students fail high school exit exams (and thus can't graduate) more frequently than white or Asian students. In this way, high-stakes tests contribute to this "challenge" of urban education.
What is the achievement gap?
300
After the probationary period, if a school still fails to meet its AYP, it is forced to give up part of its budgeted funding to parents, so that they can pay for this.
What is private afterschool tutoring?
300
If a teacher receives a low VAM score, and he or she does not have tenure, (or he or she works for a charter school), he or she may meet this fate.
What is get fired?
400
The idea for school accountability came from systems theory and the b________________ world, not education.
What is business world?
400
Because the risks of not passing the high school exist tests are so high, both teachers and students report feeling high levels of this.
What is stress (or anxiety)?
400
If a school on probation continues to miss its AYP, the state can "reconstitute" the school, meaning this.
What is firing the principal, laying off all staff members, hiring a new staff, and turning the public school into a charter school.
400
When under pressure for better VAM and AYP scores, teachers (and principals) have been caught doing this:
What is cheating (or changing students' responses on test booklets)?
500
High-stakes accountability laws effect these three groups:
What are students, schools, and teachers?
500
When schools and teachers feel pressure to help their low performing students pass exit exams in high school, they tend to only focus their curriculum on these two subjects.
What are math and language arts?
500
School reconstitutions displace thousands of students like refugees, leave a hole in already struggling communities, and tend to most affect students from these families:
What are African American and Latino (or low-income) families?
500
When teachers (and schools) are under pressure to improve standardized test scores, in the classroom they often emphasize memorizing singular facts and drilling basic skills, instead of focusing more on teaching students to be creative, raise questions, and think _____________.
What is critically?