IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Ensures public schools serve the educational needs of students with disabilities and entitles students with disabilities to special education and related services according to their IEP until age 22 or they receive a standard diploma.
100
High-Stakes Testing
Used in making high-stakes decisions about whether a student will be promoted or retained in grade and whether student will receive a high school diploma
100
Brown vs. Board of Education
Determined that segregation of any kind in schools, against any minority group, is detrimental to that group, and outlawed segregation of public schools.
100
IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
A multidisciplinary team provides accommodations, special services, and an education plan based on the individual needs of the student. This team may also decide whether a student may pass/fail a grade or receive a high school diploma regardless of their score on the graduation test if they meet the requirements of their IEP.
200
ADA- Americans with Disabilities Act
Guaranteed that persons with disabilities would have equal treatment in all public accommodations, employment, transportation, telecommunications, and government.
200
high scores on high stakes tests
Raises quality of education for all students in the school, including students with disabilities and minorities
200
Debra T. vs. Turlington (1981)
The case providing that students should be tested only after they have been taught the subject matter and skills that the test measures
200
LRE (least restrictive environment)
Grants students with disabilities the right to be educated with non-disabled peers to the extent possible/appropriate and exposed to the regular curriculum.
300
AERA (American Education Research Association)
Provides that tests should cover only the content and skills that students have had opportunity to learn
300
Expectations for teachers based on high stakes testing
Causes teachers to transfer to suburban areas, causing a teacher shortage in urban areas, especially in special education areas
300
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens (PARC) vs. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Ruled that it is unconstitutional to deny any child with developmental or intellectual disabilities access to a free public education appropriate to the child's learning capabilities.
300
FAPE
Free Appropriate Public Education is granted to any student, regardless of disabilities.