Stem cells and differentiation
Self-renew
Differentiate
What do you call stem cells?
Gametes
Complete the sentence: The _________ strand is replicated continuously and the ____________ strand is replicated in fragments.
Leading
Lagging
Name the enzyme that takes part in transcription.
RNA Polymerase
Name the three types of RNA.
mRNA, rRNA and tRNA
By which type of division are somatic cells produced?
Mitosis
Germline stem cells divide by________
Mitosis and meiosis
State the enzyme that joins DNA fragments together during DNA replication
Ligase
What molecule is made by transcription?
(primary) mRNA
State the possible base pairings between bases in codon and an anticodon.
Adenine with Uracil
Guanine with Cytosine
Name the type of stem cells that originate gametes
Germline stem cells
When human cells divide by meiosis what is the chromosome complement?
Haploid / 23 chromosomes / 1 set of chromosomes
Name the process responsible for making identical copies of each chromosome?
DNA Replication
Name the process that produces a mature mRNA
RNA splicing
Name the bond between amino acids in a protein.
Peptide
Embryonic stem cells are _____________
Pluripotent
What happens in the first stage of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes separate
Name the process used to amplify DNA for paternity testing.
PCR
What are the coding and non-coding regions of DNA called?
Coding = exons
Non-coding = introns
What is on each end of a tRNA molecule?
An anticodon and an amino acid
What does it mean when a stem cell is said to be multipotent?
It can only differentiate into a small number of cell types.
What happens in the second division of meiosis?
The chromatids separate.
Suggest a temperature for each of the three stages in PCR.
92-98
50-65
70-80
What happens during RNA splicing
Introns are removed and exons are joined/spliced together
Which types of bonds give a protein its 3D shape?
Hydrogen bonds and other interactions