Vedas are referred to as shrutis meaning they are what kind of texts
What is "revealed"?
100
One of Indian-born, non-Vedic religions that posed a threat to Hinduism, prompting the composition of Hindu epics and Puranas
What is Buddhism or Jainism?
100
according to Hinduism, suffering is controlled by the law of this
What is karma?
100
Of the "isms" of religion, Hinduism is difficult to categorize. Identify three "isms" that help characterize Hinduism.
What is monotheism, polytheism, henotheism, pantheism, panentheism?
200
The word "Hindu" comes from this name given to the river valley that served as the ancestor civilization to India
What is "Indus"?
200
The oldest of the Vedas, this texts includes praises and asks for blessings of the devas
What is the Rig Veda?
200
In the Hindu epics and Puranas, this abstract concept is presented in human form, making it more accessible to the masses
What is Brahman?
200
The philosophical system of Samkhya identifies these two states of reality as existing, making it a dualistic system
What is Purusha (self) and Prakriti (cause of material universe)?
200
The Trimurti (Hindu trinity) consists of which three devas representing manifestations of Brahman?
Who are Brahma, Vishnu, & Shiva?
300
language of the Vedic culture
What is Sanskrit?
300
These texts are mystical teachings from rishis and are viewed as the "cream" of Indian thought
What are the Upanishads?
300
In this epic, Vishnu is incarnated as the avatar of Rama and the focus of the epic is on the duties of relationships between people
What is the Ramayana?
300
The philosophy of Advaita Vedanta argues that material life is an illusion and that we are all part of a single reality. This illusion is referred to as this
What is maya?
300
Identify one of the three general branches of Hinduism.
What are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism?
400
this religious movement in India posed a challenge to Hinduism during the pre-modern period (1500-1757)
What is Islam?
400
This, according to the sages, could be found within the atman, or soul; it is also the source of the multiplicity of forms including deities, humans, animals, etc.
What is Brahman?
400
This is the primary ethic taught through the massive epic of the Mahabharata
What is the happiness of others is essential to one's own happiness?
400
The philosophical system of yoga can be divided into four major categories. Identify two.
What is raja yoga, jnana yoga, karma yoga, or bhakti yoga?
400
Shaktism, which focuses on the worship of Shakti (Divine Mother Goddess) is unique compared to the other branches of Hinduism because it can categorized as this type of "ism".
What is henotheism?
500
This period of time during the 19th century saw reforms within Hinduism including the presentation of Hinduism as a rational, ethical religion
What is a Hindu Renaissance?
500
Human rebirth is considered the "best" regarding the cycle of reincarnation due to this
What is the soul has the best chance toward liberation & merging with Brahman?
500
The 18th book of the Mahabharata, the Bhagavad-Gita focuses on a philosophical conversation of Hindu concepts and ideas between these two characters
Who are Arjuna and Krishna?
500
the path of yoga that focuses more on action in this world rather than transcending it to the next world
What is karma yoga
500
Explain the difference between Dharma (with a capital D) and dharma (with a lowercase d).
What is...
Dharma = communal order of society & cosmic order of the universe
dharma = an individual's religious & communal duties according to their place & position in life