Absolutism
The French monarch most famously associated with absolutism
Who is King Louis XIV
Two of the major ancient theorists scientists in Early Modern Europe were responding to
Who are Aristotle and Ptolemy
This English thinker promoted an idealistic form of the social contract
Who is John Locke
The largest of the three estates in France, and the estate that took part in the Tennis Court Oath
What is the Third Estate
In this year, France, Italian states, German states, and cities within the Austrian empire all had revolutions
What is 1848
The philosopher with a social contract theory in support of absolutism
Who is Thomas Hobbes (life outside of a controlled state is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.")
English scientist who promoted idea of inductive reasoning
Who is Francis Bacon
The circumstances of this criminal case in France inspired Voltaire to write his "A Treatise on Tolerance"
What is the Calas Affair (or the execution of Jean Calas)
This medieval fortification, which had become a prison and place for arms storage, was stormed. The event was symbolic enough, even though it was very early in the revolution, that a holiday memorializes it as the day of French independence.
What is the Bastille
The early 1840s are referred to as the "Hungry '40s" for these two reasons
What is widespread unemployment as well as crop failures (potato blight) and famine in Ireland and Germany
The "revolution" in England that can be considered a reaction against the absolutism of Charles II (and his brief successor)
What is the Glorious Revolution
French scientist who promoted idea of deductive reasoning, exemplified in a famous quote
Rene Descartes
Name at least two themes of Enlightenment thought
What are:
Law and punishment; humanitarianism and religious toleration; government, administration, and the economy; imperialism and exploration; slavery; science
The immediate aftermath of this person's assassination was famously painted by Jean-Louis David and is considered a significant event in the period of the revolution called the Reign of Terror
Who is Jean-Paul Marat
This German state, part of the German Confederacy and the birthplace of Otto von Bismarck, wanted to lead German unification
What is Prussia
Copernicus is famous for popularizing the theory of what (although he didn't invent it)
Heliocentrism
He is often considered the most radical Enlightenment thinker, but is actually less radical than Mary Wollstonecraft
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This temporary French government gave Napoleon Bonaparte power
What is the Directory
Italian unification resulted in Rome officially becoming part of Italy. Previously, it was part of what territory (or under whose control)?
What is the Papal States
This religious theory was popular among scientists and, later, Enlightenment thinkers. Believers think of god as a "clockmaker."
Deism
This ruler of Russia in the mid 18th century is one of the best examples of "enlightened absolutist" rule
Who is Catherine the Great
These 4 ruled France after Napoleon Bonaparte, and each mark a "swing of the pendulum," so to speak
Who are Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe, Napoleon III
Name at least two of the minority population groups with aspirations for national independence from the Austrian Empire
What are Czechs, Magyar Hungarians, Poles, pan-Slavic group (Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Macedonians, and Bulgarians)