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18th Century Colonial Life
Starting a Revolution
What is a Revolution?
Revolution at Home
Post-War Conundrums
100
One process by which colonists became American through adaptation and colonial experiences; and another process of trying to be British through imitation (like fashion) and inheritance.
What are creolization and anglicization?
100
Fought between 1754 and 1763, this war started in America over the Ohio Valley, and saw a large number of Americans fight alongside British regulars. Britain emerged as the predominant North American power, but nearly bankrupted itself in the process.
What is the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War?
100
A deliberately chosen title for the unified colonial militias under George Washington. It was meant to distinguish it from the opposing "Ministerial Army."
What is the Continental Army?
100
An ideology which stressed governance based on liberty (people) as opposed to the power of kings, and relied on "public spirit" and the self-sacrificing nature of citizens. Its greatest enemy was self-interest and demagoguery.
What is revolutionary republicanism?
100
This treaty signed in April 1783 ended the Revolutionary War on excellent terms for the Americans because the British wanted to break their alliance with the French.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
200
He wrote "What is an American?" in 1772. He believed that Americans had filtered out the bad parts of Europe (aristocracy and established churches), and replaced them with reason, natural rights, broad land ownership, and mild government and religion.
Who is J. Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur (1735-1813)?
200
These trade laws, established from 1651 onward, stated that American colonies could only trade with Britain and only use British ships. They were also supposed to only produce raw materials to not compete with England. Most of these laws prior to 1763 were ignored.
What are the Navigation Acts?
200
Sent to King George III in July 1775 asking him to protect his loyal American subjects from a tyrannical Parliament, though it was accompanied simultaneously by Jefferson's "Declaration of Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms."
What is the Olive Branch Petition?
200
This belief stressed that it was a female patriotic duty to raise virtuous sons to be good citizens to keep the republic healthy. Women's virtues were seen to lie in the realms of domesticity, sexuality, and morality.
What is republican motherhood?
200
This rebellion from August 1786 to February 1787 pitted farmers against merchants, debtors against creditors, and tax payers against bondholders in Massachusetts. The state suppressed it with minimal bloodshed using an army under Henry Knox.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
300
The willingness of lower sorts, particularly poor white farmers in southern colonies, to accept the rule of their "betters." Some argue this helps explain why poor Virginians for example supported the slave system.
What is the culture of deference?
300

Extended by Parliament to include America in March 1765, this act put a tax on all paper goods, such as legal documents and newspapers. It was needed to help pay down the war debt and reestablish imperial authority.

What is the Stamp Act?
300
The Virginian royal governor in November 1775 called on loyal subjects to the Crown, including slaves who would then be freed, to fight against the colonial rebels. This infuriated Southern sensibilities.
What is Lord Dunmore's Proclamation?
300
In 1777, this state was the first to end slavery. This was part of a growing trend in the North and the progressive inclusion of blacks in Washington's army.
What is Vermont?
300
This officer group, founded in May 1783, had the motto, "They sacrificed everything for the Republic." People protested the group because they thought it reeked of aristocratic airs.

Bonus Points: Why did it have the name it had?
What is the Society of Cincinnati?
400
This weak institution in several royal colonies attempted to mirror the House of Lords. Colonial assemblies disliked them because they considered the members to be the governor's "creatures."
What are colonial councils?
400

In February 1766, Benjamin Franklin made a distinction between "duties laid on commodities imported" and those "not laid by their own representatives."


Bonus points if you can name the 1767 British laws that tried to adhere to this distinction.

What are external and internal taxes?
400
This December 1775 Parliamentary act barred colonial ships from trading anywhere in the British Empire and told the Royal Navy to regard them as "open enemies."
What is the Prohibitory Act?
400
The wife of the Pennsylvanian governor who wrote "Sentiments of An American Woman" in 1780 and founded the Ladies' Association of Philadelphia. She believed women could be as patriotic as men, and wanted to contribute to the war effort and be acknowledged for it.
Who is Esther Reed?
400
This statute was passed on July 13, 1787 under the Articles of Confederation, dividing up and selling land north of the Ohio River. It provided a schoolhouse per township and prohibited slavery.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
500

Popular in America but less so in England, this ideology heroicized not having power as a sacrifice necessary to maintain virtue by balancing the corruption of luxury and power.


Bonus points if you can name the famous and popular play by Addison, which captured this sentiment.

What is country ideology?

Bonus: What is "Cato: A Tragedy"?

500
This meeting in September 1774 declared the Coercive Acts unconstitutional and void. It called for another boycott, while also advising military preparations in the colonies.
What is the First Continental Congress?
500
Written in 1777 but not signed until 1781, this document pledged the states to a "solemn league of friendship."
What are the Articles of Confederation?
500
By 1800, this region had achieved near universal literacy for men and women. Part of a growing trend during the revolution and afterwards of rising female literacy which generated a new and important reading public.
What is New England?
500
In this text, Madison argued that people are naturally self-interested and that the best way to dilute factionism in a republic is to maintain a large size.
What is Federalist #10?