Punic Wars
The First Punic War was primarily fought over control of this large island off the coast of Italy.
What is Sicily?
The First Servile War, which began in 135 BC, primarily took place on this island.
What is Sicily?
The Roman Republic began in this year.
What is 509 BC?
This "new man" gained prominence during the Jugurthine War and was elected consul multiple times, despite being from outside the traditional noble families.
Gaius Marius?
In 60 BC, Caesar formed a private arrangement for political power with Pompey and this wealthy businessman and former general.
Who is Crassus?
This Carthaginian general, who grew up in Spain, took an oath of eternal hatred against Rome and led his army, including elephants, across the Alps to invade Italy.
Who is Hannibal?
This slave leader, originating from Syria, was rumored to have magical powers and became king during the First Servile War.
Who is Eunus?
These ancient Roman laws, drawn up around 449 BC, were written on tablets and displayed publicly to ensure transparency and equality.
What are the Laws of the Twelve Tables?
This conflict between Rome and its Italian allies, which began in 91 BC, granted Roman citizenship to the Italian cities.
What is the Social War?
As consul in 59 BC, Caesar introduced reforms to redistribute this to the poor, which was unpopular with the wealthy.
What is land?
The Second Punic War ended after this battle in 202 BC, where Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal.
What is the Battle of Zama?
By 136 BC, thousands of slaves were present in Sicily, largely thanks to the success of the Romans and Carthaginians in this previous conflict.
What are the Punic Wars?
Rome was burned by this group from the north in 390 BC.
Who are the Gauls?
Both Marius and Sulla competed for command in the war against this king of Pontus, leading to civil unrest in Rome.
Who is Eupator Dionysius (or Mithridates VI)?
Caesar campaigned for many years in this large territory north of Italy, enhancing his military reputation and wealth.
What is Gaul?
In 157 BC, this Roman statesman concluded every speech with the phrase "Carthage must be destroyed."
Who is Cato?
Slaves were treated as tools, not people, and were given barely enough food, minimal clothing, and no medical care, according to the advice of this Roman writer.
Who is Cato?
Following the Gallic sack, the Romans rebuilt their city and consolidated their control over Italy by engaging in a series of wars against these neighboring tribes in the south-central Apennines, starting in 343 BC.
Who are the Samnites?
Sulla broke a key constitutional rule by marching his army on Rome, crossing this boundary to do so.
What is the pomerium?
Crassus suffered a major military disaster and was killed fighting this eastern empire in 53 BC.
Who are the Parthians?
According to Polybius, the Romans first built ships by modeling them after a captured Carthaginian vessel during this war.
What is the First Punic War?
This major slave revolt, led by Spartacus, occurred between 73 and 71 BC and began at a gladiatorial school in Capua.
What is the Third Servile War (or the Gladiator War)?
This alliance of Latin towns and Rome signed a treaty around 490 BC, eventually leading to Rome's dominance in Latium.
What is the Latin League (or Nomen Latium)?
Following his march on Rome, Sulla used this method to eliminate his political enemies, posting lists of those condemned to death and confiscating their property.
What are proscriptions?
Caesar crossed this river in 49 BC, initiating a civil war against Pompey, and supposedly exclaimed, "Alea iacta est!" (The die is cast!).
What is the Rubicon?