Politics & Reforms (Gilded Age Politics)
What two Republican factions fought over patronage during the Gilded Age?
Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
What violent 1886 event in Chicago damaged the labor movement's reputation?
Haymarket Square
What system trapped southern farmers in debt to merchants?
Crop-lien system
What 1896 Supreme Court decision upheld "separate but equal"?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What reform followed James Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker?
Civil Service Reform
Where was Thomas Edison's famous "invention factory" located?
Menlo Park
What new retail innovations changed how people shopped? Name two
Mail-order houses (e.g., Sears & Roebuck), grocery chains, department stores.
What labor system replaced slavery but kept many Black and poor white farmers in poverty?
Sharecropping
What clause allowed whites to vote while excluding most Blacks?
Grandfather clause
What 1878 law limited federal troops' use in domestic disturbances, affecting southern politics post-Reconstruction?
Posse Comitatus Act
What process revolutionized steel production and enabled massive industrial growth?
Bessemer Process
What term did Thorstein Veblen coin for wasteful spending to display status?
Conspicuous consumption
What biracial farmer organization fought monopolies and pushed for co-ops?
Farmers’ Alliance
Who proposed the Atlanta Compromise of 1895, advocating industrial education and accommodation?
Booker T. Washington
What Republican ideal emphasized limited government intervention in the economy?
Laissez-faire
What are the two main types of business consolidation mentioned? Give one example for each
Vertical integration (e.g., controlling supply chain) and Horizontal integration/combination (e.g., merging competitors)
How did consumerism change leisure? Name one example of a new working-class leisure spot.
It created more time/money for relaxation; e.g., Coney Island
What political party emerged from southern populism, advocating free silver and government ownership of industries?
People’s Party (Populist Party)
What radical thinker advocated the "Talented Tenth" for Black leadership and higher education?
W.E.B. Du Bois
Name the two key ideas that characterized post-war Republican mentality alongside laissez-faire
Social Darwinism and the Melting Pot
What idea, promoted by figures like Carnegie and Rockefeller, justified great wealth as a responsibility for public good?
The Gospel of Wealth
What were tenements, and who primarily lived in them during urban growth?
Crowded, poor-quality urban housing; primarily immigrants and working class
Who was the famous Democratic/Populist orator in 1896 who ran on free silver?
William Jennings Bryan
Name three key origins/characteristics of early Progressivism
Middle-class movement; Protestant moral values; emphasis on competition and democracy; influenced by Social Gospel, Muckrakers, Jane Addams (Hull House, child labor/sanitation), Herbert Croly (The Promise of American Life)