Chesapeake Colonies
What crop became the foundation of the Chesapeake economy?
Tobacco
What crop made South Carolina especially dependent on enslaved labor?
Rice
Which Carolina had stronger ties to Barbados?
South Carolina
What was Spain’s main purpose for settlements in the South?
Missionary work and control of territory.
Where did most wealthy planters live?
Coastal regions.
Who was John Rolfe and what was his major contribution?
Introduced tobacco cultivation in Virginia.
Why did indentured servitude decline?
Fewer servants, Bacon’s Rebellion, rise of slavery
Which crop became South Carolina’s most profitable export?
Rice (and later indigo).
What was the first permanent European settlement in North America?
St. Augustine, Florida (1565).
What type of farming was common in the backcountry?
Subsistence farming.
How did geology shape Chesapeake settlement?
Fertile soil and navigable rivers encouraged plantations
How did slavery differ regionally in the colonies?
Chesapeake-tobacco, SC/GA-rice/indigo, NE-limited slavery
Why did North Carolina develop differently?
NC had small farms, less fertile soil, fewer plantations.
How did French settlement differ from Spanish settlement?
French focused on fur trade; Spanish on missions.
How did settlement patterns differ?
Backcountry = scattered farms; coast = plantations/ports.
What was the main labor system before slavery became dominant?
Indentured servitude
What was the Middle Passage?
The transatlantic journey enslaved Africans endured.
Which Carolina relied more on enslaved African labor?
South Carolina
Where did the French establish major settlements?
St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River Valley.
Why did the backcountry feel neglected?
Governments controlled by coastal elites
What was the headright system?
A land grant system for settlers who paid passage.
What economic theory justified Britain’s colonial labor systems?
Mercantilism
How did geography shape the Carolinas’ economies?
SC lowlands supported plantations; NC had small farms
What was Spain’s main method of organizing labor?
The encomienda system
Which rebellion reflected tensions?
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)