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What does the prehistoric period refers to?
The period before written records existed.
Which two religions influenced the Historic Period before Islam,
Hinduism and Buddhism.
What was the dominant kingdom in the Historic Period before Islam.
The Srivijaya Empire.
When did Melaka Sultanate emerge as a dominant power?
In the 15th century.
Who were the first Europeans to establish control in Melaka.
The Portuguese.
What are the main characteristics of the prehistoric period?
How did Hindu-Buddhist influences shape early Southeast Asian culture?
Through the introduction of arts, architecture and governance systems.
What made the Melaka Sultanate a major trading hub?
Its strategic location along the Strait of Malacca.
What was the primary goal of Portuguese administration in Melaka?
To control the spice trade in the region
Who succeeded the Portuguese in ruling Melaka?
The Dutch.
Describe the economic significance of the Srivijaya Empire during the Hindu-Buddhist period.
It was a major trading empire controlling maritime routes and fostering cultural exchange.
How did Islam influence the Melaka Sultanate?
Islam became the dominant religion, influencing law, culture, and trade practices.
What were the main achievements of the Melaka Sultanate?
It established a strong trading network, promoted Islam, and became a cultural center.
What challenges did the Portuguese face during their rule in Melaka?
Resistance from local leaders, threats from neighboring powers, and maintaining control of trade.
What role did the Dutch East India Company (VOC) play in Melaka?
It strengthened Dutch control over regional trade and undermined Portuguese influence.
Explain the transition from prehistoric to historic periods in Southeast Asia.
The transition was marked by the advent of writing, organized societies, and the influence of Hindu-Buddhist cultures.
How did the arrival of Islam change Southeast Asia’s cultural and political landscape?
Islam introduced new religious practices, legal systems, and trade alliances, reshaping governance and daily life.
What were the key strategies used by the Melaka Sultanate to dominate regional trade?
They used their strategic location, alliances with traders, and ensured safe passage through the Strait of Malacca.
How did the Portuguese impact trade in Melaka?
They monopolized spice trade routes, imposed taxes, and disrupted traditional trading networks.
Why was the Dutch able to succeed where the Portuguese struggled in Southeast Asia?
The Dutch formed alliances with local rulers, used more sophisticated naval strategies, and prioritized long-term trade control.
Explain the cultural and religious significance of Hindu-Buddhist influences in early Southeast Asia.
Hindu-Buddhist influences brought new art forms, temple architecture, and governance systems, fostering cultural unity across regions. The blending of local traditions with these religions created unique cultural identities.
What factors contributed to the rise and prosperity of the Melaka Sultanate?
Factors included its prime geographic location, adoption of Islam, diplomatic trade policies, and a strong naval presence that ensured safety and attracted traders.
Analyze the decline of Portuguese control in Melaka and its implications.
The decline was due to lack of local alliances, competition from the Dutch and British, and poor administration. This weakened European dominance and shifted power to the Dutch.
Evaluate the role of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in shaping Southeast Asia’s trade and politics.
The VOC monopolized regional trade, established fortified bases, and controlled shipping routes, significantly impacting local economies and governance.
How did each historical phase contribute to the cultural diversity of Southeast Asia?
The prehistoric period established basic human settlement. The Hindu-Buddhist era introduced religion, art, and governance. The Melaka Sultanate integrated Islamic culture, while Portuguese and Dutch rules added European influences, creating a rich cultural tapestry.