White Australia Policy
In what year was the Immigration Restriction Act, which laid the foundation for the White Australia Policy, enacted?
1901
In which year was the Racial Discrimination Act enacted in Australia?
1975
What year was Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party founded?
1997
What major event in 2001 led to the launch of the 'War on Terror'?
The September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.
What was the 'Pacific Solution' policy introduced by Australia in 2001?
A policy to transfer asylum seekers arriving by boat to offshore detention centers
What was the primary purpose of the dictation test introduced under the White Australia Policy?
To exclude non-European immigrants by requiring them to pass a written test in a European language, often one they did not know.
Identify two characteristics or attributes that individuals are legally protected from being discriminated against.
discriminating anyone based on race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, or immigration status
Identify one of the main issues or views that the One Nation Party is known for?
1- emphasizing nationalism, 2- skepticism towards multiculturalism, or 3- advocating for stricter immigration controls.
Which country did Australia help invade in 2003 as part of the 'War on Terror'?
Iraq
Which two Pacific countries hosted Australia's offshore detention centers under the 'Pacific Solution'?
Nauru and Papua New Guinea.
Which groups were specifically targeted for exclusion under the White Australia Policy?
Non-European immigrants, particularly Asians and Pacific Islanders.
Name one area of public life where the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 makes racial discrimination unlawful.
Employment, housing, provision of goods and services, access to public places, or advertising
Why is Pauline Hanson often described as a controversial figure in Australian politics?
Because of her anti-immigration views and statements that many consider racist or divisive.
What was one reason given for the 2003 invasion of Iraq?
The alleged presence of weapons of mass destruction and links to terrorism.
What was one major criticism of the 'Pacific Solution' (e.g. by the UN)?
It led to prolonged detentions and significant human rights concerns, including criticism from human rights organizations and the United Nations.
How did the White Australia Policy impact Australia's demographic composition in the early 20th century?
It maintained a predominantly white, European-descended population by severely restricting non-European immigration.
What international treaty did the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 enable Australia to ratify?
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
What political stance is the One Nation Party known for? i.e. where are they on the political spectrum?
Right-wing populism
How did Australia's counter-terrorism laws after 2001 affect civil liberties?
They enhanced surveillance and law enforcement powers, raising concerns about potential infringements on civil liberties.
How did the 'Pacific Solution' impact Australia's international reputation?
It attracted widespread criticism and tarnished Australia's image as a proponent of human rights.
What international pressures influenced the gradual dismantling of the White Australia Policy?
Post-World War II decolonisation and criticism from Asian nations, along with changing attitudes towards race and human rights, pressured Australia to move towards a non-discriminatory immigration policy.
Who was the Prime Minister when the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 was enacted? (Hint: he was fired two years later.)
Gough Whitlam
What 'P P' term describes the increasing ideological distance between opposing political groups? i.e. it's two words and they both start with p.
Political polarisation
What impact did the 'War on Terror' have on Muslim and Middle Eastern communities in Australia?
They experienced heightened discrimination and suspicion, leading to social alienation and challenges in community relations.
In what way did the 'Pacific Solution' influence perceptions of multiculturalism in Australia?
It contributed to a climate of suspicion towards certain migrant groups, affecting social cohesion and perceptions of multiculturalism.