Changes in Consonants
A velar, alveolar, or dental consonant becomes palatal or alveopalatal
What is palatalization?
An affricate consonant becomes a non-affricate
What is deaffrication?
A vowel becomes higher/lower than it was before
What is raising/lowering?
A vowel becomes more front/more back than it was before
What is fronting/backing?
A sound change that happens to a particular sound in every environment in which it occurs
What is an unconditioned sound change?
A non-affricate consonant becomes an affricate
A non-fricative consonant becomes a fricative
What is spirantization?
A vowel becomes rounded/unrounded
A vowel becomes longer/shorter than it was before
What is lengthening/shortening?
The type of assimilation when the changing sound becomes identical to the other sound(s)
What is total assimilation?
A voiceless consonant becomes voiced
What is voicing?
A voiced consonant becomes voiceless
What is devoicing?
A simple vowel becomes a diphthong
What is diphthongization?
A non-nasalized vowel becomes nasalized
What is nasalization?
When a sound changes to become less like some other sound(s) to which it’s near
What is dissimilation?
A non-r consonant becomes some sort of r sound
What is rhotacism?
Addition of an entire segment (can be C or V)
What is epenthesis?
A vowel becomes [ə]
What is reduction?
Loss of a entire segment (can be C or V)
What is deletion?
When a sound change happens only in some specified environment(s)
What is a conditioned sound change?
A double consonant becomes a single consonant
What is degemination?
Any consonant change involving a decrease in articulatory effort
What is weakening?
Two sounds or groups of sounds trade places (can be V or C)
What is metathesis?
A diphthong becomes a simple vowel
What is monophthongization?
The type of assimilation where the changing sound becomes more like the other sound(s) than it was before, but not identical to it
What is partial assimilation?