Ancient
This ancient civilization is known for building pyramids and writing in hieroglyphs
Egypt
This medieval plague killed an estimated one-third of Europe's population in the 14th century
The Black Death
This Italian explorer's 1492 voyage led to the European discovery of the Americas
Christopher Columbus
This American Civil War president issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
Abraham Lincoln
This global conflict, lasting from 1939 to 1945, involved most of the world's nations
World War II
This emperor famously converted to Christianity and established Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire
Constantine the Great
This Islamic prophet founded the religion of Islam in the 7th century
Muhammad
This English monarch established the Church of England after separating from the Roman Catholic Church
Henry VIII
This movement, beginning in the late 18th century, sought to abolish slavery worldwide
The abolitionist movement
This 1969 event saw the first humans land on the Moon
The Apollo 11 mission
This ancient Mesopotamian king is known for his code of laws, one of the earliest written legal codes
Hammurabi
This medieval battle in 1066 led to the Norman conquest of England
The Battle of Hastings
This French military leader rose to prominence during the French Revolution and later became emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte
This influential German philosopher and economist co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848
Karl Marx
This wall, symbolizing the division between East and West, fell in 1989, leading to the end of the Cold War
The Berlin Wall
This ancient civilization, located in modern-day Pakistan and India, is known for its advanced urban planning and architecture
The Indus Valley Civilization
This empire, known for its advanced mathematics and astronomy, flourished in Mesoamerica before the Spanish conquest
The Maya civilization
This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, leading to significant changes in the political map of Europe
The Treaty of Westphalia
This conflict, lasting from 1853 to 1856, saw an alliance of Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia
The Crimean War
This international organization was established in 1945 to promote peace and cooperation among nations
The United Nations
This Carthaginian general crossed the Alps with elephants to fight Rome during the Second Punic War
Hannibal
This Byzantine emperor codified Roman law, resulting in the Corpus Juris Civilis
Justinian I
This 18th-century Scottish economist wrote "The Wealth of Nations," laying the foundations of modern economics
Adam Smith
This Japanese era, starting in 1868, marked the country's rapid modernization and industrialization
The Meiji Restoration
This series of protests and uprisings in the Middle East began in 2010 and led to significant political changes in the region
The Arab Spring