North America
First USA President
George Washington
This indigenous empire, centered in modern-day Peru, was conquered by Francisco Pizarro in the 1530s.
Inca Empire
This English king is famous for having six wives and establishing the Church of England.
Henry VIII
This river, the longest in Africa, was central to the development of ancient Egyptian civilization
Nile River?
This ancient river valley civilization, located in modern-day Iraq, is credited with inventing cuneiform writing.
Mesopotamia
This French explorer claimed much of modern-day Canada for France and founded a settlement that would become one of its oldest cities in 1608.
Samuel de Champlain
This Portuguese explorer claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500.
Pedro Alvares Cabral
This 1347–1351 pandemic killed an estimated one-third of Europe’s population
the Black Death (Bubonic Plague)?
This West African empire, famous for its wealth in gold, reached its peak under Mansa Musa in the 14th century.
the Mali Empire
This 13th-century conqueror founded the largest contiguous empire in history, spanning much of Asia.
Genghis Khan
This 1812 battle saw American forces, led by Andrew Jackson, achieve a decisive victory after the Treaty of Ghent had technically already ended the war.
Battle of New Orleans
In 1810, this Venezuelan military leader began the fight for independence from Spain, later becoming a hero across northern South America.
Simon Bolivar
This Austrian archduke’s assassination in 1914 triggered the outbreak of World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This South African leader spent 27 years in prison before becoming the country’s first Black president in 1994.
Nelson Mandela
The Maurya Empire, known for uniting much of the Indian subcontinent, reached its peak under this emperor.
Ashoka the Great
A rebellion in 1676 in Virginia, led by Nathaniel Bacon, exposed tensions between frontier settlers and wealthy colonial elites.
Bacon’s Rebellion
This 1824 battle effectively ended Spanish colonial rule in South America, securing independence for Peru.
Battle of Ayacucho?
The 1648 treaties that ended the Thirty Years’ War helped establish this principle of modern international relations, recognizing the sovereignty of states.
Westphalian sovereignty (Peace of Westphalia)?
This European nation controlled Angola as a colony until 1975
Portugal?
This 1949 revolution led by Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China.
Chinese Communist Revolution
The 1609–1610 winter in Jamestown is remembered by this grim nickname.
The Starving Time
This Chilean poet, diplomat, and Nobel laureate was the first Latin American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971.
Pablo Neruda
This Russian ruler, known as “the Great,” modernized the military and bureaucracy in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
Who is Peter the Great?
This Egyptian pharaoh, one of the first female rulers in history, reigned during the 15th century BC
Who is Hatshepsut
This Japanese shogunate, established in 1603, ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868
Tokugawa shogunate?