Industrial Revolution
Industrialization
3 Part question:
1. Who was the U.S. admiral who "opened Japan"
2. Explain how the U.S. "opened Japan?"
3. What was the treaty called that opened Japan to the world?
1. Matthew Perry
2. Gunboat diplomacy. The modern technology of U.S. warships intimidated the Japanese into capitulating to U.S. trade demands.
3. The Treaty of Kanagawa 1854
_________________ = foreigners are allowed to follow the laws of their country in a foreign country and cannot be arrested for breaking the laws of their host country.
extraterritoriality
Name the set of Ottoman reforms that aimed to modernize the Ottoman empire by granting equality to all people in the empire and creating a secular government.
The Tanzimat Reforms
Which of the following countries granted the least concessions to Europeans in the late 1800s: 1. The Ottomans, 2. China, 3. Japan
3. Japan
2 part question:
1. What is the technical term for laws passed by the government?
2. Explain why there is often "lag time" for governments to create laws for problems in society.
1. Regulations
2. It takes time to understand the problems and properly pass regulations to fix them.
3 part question:
1. Who was in charge of Japan during their period of isolation?
2. Why were people in Japan upset with the isolationist ruler around in 1854?
3. Who took over Japan, opened it to the outside world and modernized it rapidly? Explain how this represented a change in Japanese politics.
1. Tokugawa Shogun
2. Tokugawa failed to protect Japan by letting it fall behind technologically
3. Emperor Meiji took control of Japan. This was a change because traditionally the emperor was a figurehead in Japanese culture and had no real political power to make decisions about the government.
The Qing official ________________ went to Guandong province to enforce China's ban on _______________. This greatly upset the ________________ and led to the first Opium War.
Lin Zexu, Opium, British
2 part question:
1. What is the event that led to the removal of the Janissaries
2. Why did the Ottoman Empire want to get rid of the Janissaries?
1. The auspicious event
2. The Janissaries were corrupt, they killed Ottoman Sultans, and they resisted modernization to the military that would take away their positions and privileges.
1. Japan: embarrassed acceptance of westernization.
2. China: Arrogant refusal of westernization
3. Ottomans: uneven acceptance of Westernization due to secularism
1. Name the invention that powered the large factories of the Industrial Revolution.
2. How did this invention lead to urbanization?
1. The Steam Engine
2. It allowed factories to be built anywhere, making new cities like Manchester able to grow rapidly.
2. Part question:
1. Name the term related to Meiji's rapid industrialization and formation of large large conglomerate companies (companies that produce many different industrial goods) in Japan.
2. Finish this causation chain:
_________ --> more efficient transportation of goods --> Goods and raw materials get to more markets faster --> (increase/decrease) in demand for goods --> (increase/decrease) in demand for factories --> (increase/decrease) in demand for workers.
1. Zaibatsu
2. Locomotive, increase, increase, increase
1. This treaty ended the first Opium War and gave the British control of Hong Kong.
2. Explain how ________________ (cultural aspect of western culture) greatly irritated the Chinese people.
3. Name at least one conflict that your answer to number 2 created.
1. Treaty of Nanjing
2. Christian missionaries converting and changing Chinese culture.
3. 2nd Opium War, Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion.
2 part question:
1. The construction of this waterway greatly endangered the Ottoman Economy.
2. Explain how this waterway endangered the Ottoman Economy
1. The Suez Canal, completed by the British
2. This officially killed the Silk Road and made Europeans have direct involvement in the Ottoman economy by controlling this water way.
2 part question:
1. Explain how the successful reform efforts of Meiji Japan kept the country stable.
2. Explain how the failed reform efforts of the Qing led to instability. Give examples to support your answer to each part.
1. The Meiji reforms made Japan into a world military and economic power that held off foreign encroachment and actually increased the holding of Japan. Example the Russo-Japanese War.
2. The Qing's failed efforts allowed Europeans to control areas of China and further exploit their economy. Example the Opium Wars.
1. This act forced workers from rural areas to cities.
2. How did the agricultural revolution also make people move to cities to find work?
3. Name the process where cities are built rapidly.
1. Enclosure Acts
2. More food = increase in population
More efficient farming = less need for workers on farms. This increased population moved to cities to find jobs
3. Urbanization
Explain two political or social ways (1 of each is fine) that Meiji modernized Japan and/or Japanese society.
Politically: Meiji Constitution: Gives peasants rights and protections which increases social mobility.
Socially: Free public education for all citizens. Educated citizens = more productive workers.
2 part question:
1. This was the name of the internal Chinese modernization effort aimed at modernizing China's military and economy
2. Explain why this modernization effort failed.
1. The Self-Strengthening Movement
2. It failed b/c the powerful elite did not want to let go of their control of the peasants. The elite hoarded the weapons produced by the government. The Qing government focused on military and industrial technology instead of developing society through education and political rights.
3 part question:
1. Name the term for where certain ethnic groups are promoted over other ethnic groups.
2. How did this become a problem for the Ottoman Empire.
3. Name a group in the Ottoman Empire that was an example of your answer to number one
1. Ethnonationalism
2. Ethnonationalism made it difficult to balance the interests of the multiethnic Ottoman Empire. Different ethnic groups wanted rights, but Turkic nationalists, the controlling group in the Ottoman Empire, wanted to promote Turkic values over other groups.
3. The Young Turks
Compare and Contrast the causes of stifled modernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire and the Qing Dynasty
Ottomans: Resistance to secularization from religious authorities. Foreign control of key sectors of the economy. Resistance within the military to modernization.
Qing Dynasty: Resistance from elites for change. The rigid hierarchical nature of Confucian culture made rapid modernization nearly impossible. Corruption of government officials.
3 Part Question:
1. Describe how workers responded to harsh working conditions and low pay.
2. Name and explain how workers "bargained" with their boss and why this type of negotiation was important.
3. Name one thing these workers groups changed in out society that we still have today.
1. Labor Unions
2. Collective Bargaining. Workers are stronger and can exert more pressure on their bosses when they negotiate as a collective group rather than individuals.
3. 8hr workday, weekends, holidays, workers comp., workplace safety regulations.
1. What is the technical name for a 24/7, professional army that is ready to "fight tonight" if necessary?
2. Fill in the blank with the missing word. Meiji created a modern army that relied on universal male ______________ (all men must serve in the army).
3. Give an example one foreign policy change that took place in Japan under the Meiji restoration.
1. Standing Army
2. conscription
3. Russo-Japanese War, Annexation of: Hokkaido Island, Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria
1. Explain the economic conditions that led to the Taiping Rebellion
2. Explain the political conditions that led to the Taiping Rebellion
3. Explain the religious aspect of the Taiping Rebellion
1. China was in poverty and facing famines due to their rapid population growth and poor economy.
2. The Qing government was weak, greedy, and corrupt
3. The leader of the Taiping Rebels Hong Xiu Quan claimed to be the brother of Jesus and would form a new Christian government in China.
The Ottomans had to rely on European powers to build critical infrastructure like railroads, telegraph lines, and factories. In order to build this key infrastructure the Ottomans had to give European firms controlling monopiles in these industries. While the infrastructure got built, the profits went to the Europeans.
2 part question:
1. Rank the success of the three following regions based on how well they modernized in the 1800s: Japan, China, Ottoman Empire
2. Give a brief reasoning for your ranking of each.
1. Japan, Ottomans, China
2. Japan emerges as a world power, The Ottomans fail to fully modernize but remain a respected power, China fails to modernize and is humiliated by a series of embarrassing military defeats.