Founders
The Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory, stating that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun.
Nicolaus Copernicus
he medieval Roman Catholic philosopher and scholar who famously spent his life trying to combine the pagan ideas of Aristotle with church theology.
Thomas Aquinas
The historic title given to early scientists before the actual word "scientist" was invented in the year 1840.
natural philosophers
The optical instrument that Galileo built and used to observe the rings of Saturn and the craters of the moon.
telescope
The German astronomer who discovered the three laws of planetary motion, proving that planets move in elliptical orbits.
Johannes Kepler
The Flemish physician known historically as the "Father of Anatomy" because of his groundbreaking and accurate dissections of the human body.
Andreas Vesalius
The 17th-century English religious group that took the absolute greatest interest in scientific work, believing that God's creation should be studied rationally
Puritans
The scientific instrument invented by Evangelista Torricelli (a student of Galileo) used to measure air pressure and forecast the weather.
barometer
The Italian scientist who built his own telescope, defended the heliocentric view, and formulated the laws of the pendulum.
Galileo Galilei
The English Puritan clergyman who successfully led the formation of the Philosophical College, which directly became the Royal Society
John Wilkins
The first permanent scientific society of the Modern Age, officially established in London in 1662 to study experimental science.
Royal Society
The American inventor called the "Greatest Inventor in History" on the chart, famous for creating the incandescent light bulb
Thomas Edison
The English philosopher who is credited with formally developing and promoting the steps of the modern scientific method.
Francis Bacon
The geologist who developed the Principle of Uniformity (the false idea that the present is the absolute key to the past)
Charles Lyell
The false belief system defined specifically as "false beliefs based on fear and ignorance"
superstitions
The Englishman who discovered an inexpensive, breakthrough process for converting raw iron into strong, lightweight steel.
Henry Bessemer
The ancient Greek philosopher highly admired during the Middle Ages, known simply as "The Philosopher" due to his apparent wisdom.
Aristotle
The naturalist who popularized evolution in his book The Origin of Species, noted by the book as being completely deficient in mathematics (the language of science).
Charles Darwin
The foundational law discovered by Sir Isaac Newton and published in his famous book, the Principia
Law of Universal Gravitation
The Scottish-born inventor who revolutionized communication in 1876 by patenting the first practical telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell