The Factory System
The primary characteristic of the domestic system of manufacturing before the 1700s.
Working in homes or small workshops near people's homes.
The primary reason people moved from the countryside to work in factories.
Regular work and good wages.
The primary motivation of factory owners during the Industrial Revolution
Making maximum profit.
What problem occurred when using coal instead of charcoal in iron production?
Coal contained too much sulphur and produced poor quality iron.
Man-made channels of still water used for transportation of heavy or fragile goods.
Canals.
An invention by Richard Arkwright in 1769 that contributed significantly to ending the domestic system.
The Spinning Frame.
This development came FIRST when factories were built in an area.
Worker housing (built by factory owners).
The reason poor children could NOT escape from factory work.
The police/authorities would return them to factories.
How does wrought iron differ from cast iron?
It has fewer bubbles due to hammering while hot.
A residential area not quite in the country-side and in close proximity to the central town.
Suburb.
This added benefit to workers allowed the factory system to replace the domestic system by 1820.
Steady wages
The original power source for factories in the 1800s.
Water power.
Who were "reformers" during this period?
People who wanted/campaigned for worker protection laws.
What are the four main ingredients needed to make iron?
Iron ore, limestone, coke, and air.
Cast iron.
One advantage of the domestic system for workers.
More control over working hours.
An advantage steam power had over water power.
It could be used anywhere, not just near rivers.
What role did inspectors play in improving factory conditions?
They enforced the new laws.
Why was coal referred to as 'black gold' in the 1800s?
Mine owners made a lot of money from coal mining.
Part of steam engine that change vertical motion into circular motion.
Sun-and-planet gears.
These buildings solved Richard Arkwright's challenge with operating his large spinning machines.
Mills.
How did the creation of factories changed the population distribution by 1850? (Hint: for the first time ever in History)
More people lived in towns than in the countryside.
By 1900, how had factory conditions changed?
They became more bearable but still unpleasant.
What is coal primarily composed of and how was it formed?
It is plant matter transformed by heat and pressure over millions of years.
By 1850, Britain produced half of the world's _______ cloth. (Hint: It's an Indian plant).
Cotton.