psychological perspective concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment, championed by William James
What is functionalism?
100
this fellow might be considered the "mother" of his field; he invented the five psychosexual stages, and might tell you that you have a weak ego
Who is Sigmund Freud?
100
this approach emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior
What is the Behavioral Approach / Behaviorism?
100
guidelines for acting morally and responsibly while conducting psychological research
What are ethics?
100
a portion of a population selected for study
What is a sample?
200
belief that the mind and body are two different aspects of the same thing
What is dualism?
200
this man first suggested classical conditioning--when a neutral stimulus elicits a reflexive response due to association
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
200
this approach studies how society and environment affect emotional growth, as suggested by Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
What is the Sociocultural Approach?
200
the manipulated factor in an experiment
What is the Independent Variable?
200
this tells how close data values are clustered around the mean
What is standard deviation?
300
examination of mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts, first "discovered" by Wilhelm Wundt
What is introspection?
300
his four stages of development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational) are at odds with Freud's psychosexual stages
Who is Jean Piaget?
300
the view that people are striving towards fulfillment, that focuses on the "person" instead of biological components
What is the Humanistic Approach?
300
factors besides the IV that cause differences between the control and experimental groups
What are confounding variables?
300
bell-shaped curve that represents data about how lots of human characteristics are dispersed in the population
What is the normal distribution?
400
G. Stanley Hall founded this, and was its first president in 1892
What is the American Psychological Association?
400
the pinnacle of his need hierarchy is self-actualization, a state achieved when personal aspirations have been reached
Who is Abraham Maslow?
400
how we receive, store, and process information is the main focus of this psychological perspective
What is the Cognitive Approach?
400
unlike other research methods, this one mandates absolutely no interference with the subject
What is naturalistic observation?
400
when probability that the results of an experiment are due to chance is less than (p<.05), those results are said to be this
What is statistically significant?
500
one half of the nature v. nurture controversy, this is the belief that knowledge is acquired through interaction with outside forces
What is empiricism?
500
his split-brain research taught us that when split, the right and left hemispheres of the brain can perform their own functions, though they no longer receive information from each other
Who is Roger Sperry?
500
this psychological approach is based on the idea that behaviors are universal because they are caused by the adaptations of previous generations
What is the Evolutionary Approach?
500
if a researcher's expectations influence the results of his experiment, he has fallen victim to this