Approaches
perspective concerned with behavioral reactions to stimuli; learning as a result of experience. Associated people: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner
behavioralism
This person pioneered classical conditioning by experimenting with their dogs and food.
Ivan Pavlov
a prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related
hypothesis
the difference between the largest score and the smallest score
range
This person studied cognitive development in children
Jean Piaget
perspective concerned with physiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes.
biological approach
This person believed that we cannot meet our emotional needs for belonging and self-actualization if our physical and safety needs are not met.
Abraham Maslow
the variable in a controlled experiment that a researcher manipulates
independent variable
a relationship between two variables
correlation
This approach is concerned with how we receive, store, and process information; how we think and reason; how we use language. Associated people: Jean Piaget
cognitive
An early psychological perspective that used introspection; placed importance on consciousness and elements of thought. Associated people: Wilhelm Wundt, G. Stanley Hall, Edward Titchener
Structuralism
This person pioneers psychoanalysis and focused on dreams and the unconscious.
Sigmund Freud
the behavior or effect cause by manipulation of the independent variable
dependent variable
the average or most typical scores of a set of research data (mean, median, and mode are types of this)
central tendency
measures of central tendency
This approach is concerned with individual potential for growth and potential. Associated people: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Humanistic
perspective concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior. Associated people: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung
psychoanalytic
This person is considered the founder of psychology as a science; started the first psych lab
Wilhelm Wundt
when you divide your participants into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being in any group.
random assignment
stats/numbers that summarize a set of research data obtained from a sample. Types of this are measures of central tendency, correlations, variability, range
A research design in which participants don't know whether they are in the experimental or control group
Single-blind procedure
perspective concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment. Associated people: William James
functionalism
This person is known for classical conditioning. Their most famous experiment was Little Albert.
John Watson
a research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group
double-blind procedure
These types statistics are used to interpret data and draw conclusions. Examples include statistical significance and meta-analysis of multiple studies
Inferential statistics
These are factors that cause difference between the experimental group and the control group OTHER than the independent variable
Confounding variables