People I
This person co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention and helped draft the Declaration of Sentiments. They also wrote a letter outraged when African American men gained suffrage before white women.
Who is Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
This group believed slavery was a moral wrong based on their religious beliefs and were among the first to advocate for abolition.
Who are the Quakers?
This regiment of African American soldiers fought bravely at Fort Wagner and helped prove Black troops’ value in combat in the Civil War.
Who is the 54th Massachusetts Regiment?
This person was the Radical Republican who led Reconstruction efforts in Congress and pushed for harsh terms on Southern states.
Who is Thaddeus Stevens?
This document required enslaved people who had escaped to the North to be returned to the South.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
This proclamation first issued in 1862 then re-issued in 1863 declared all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This term means love or loyalty to one’s ethnic group or nation. It can be dangerous when unchecked.
What is nationalism?
This process forces people to give up their own culture and adopt another group’s culture — usually the dominant one.
What is assimilation?
This term refers to a government where citizens elect representatives and power rests with the people.
What is a republic?
This 1857 Supreme Court decision ruled that enslaved people were property and could not sue for freedom.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
This set of laws was passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans.
What are Black Codes?
This organization, co-founded by Wells in 1896, uplifted Black women through education and civil rights advocacy.
What is the National Association of Colored Women (NACW)?
This policy avoids foreign alliances and focuses on staying out of other nations’ affairs.
What is isolationism?
This is a system of power that privileges men over everyone else.
What is patriarchy?
Fear or hatred of people from other nations or places.
What is xenophobia?
This person delivered the powerful speech "Ain’t I a Woman?" to highlight the double intersectional burden of racism and sexism before intersectionality was even a word.
Who is Sojourner Truth?
This person was an early prison and mental health reformer who pushed for more humane treatment of incarcerated people and individuals with disabilities.
Who is Dorothea Dix?
This person founded the National Woman’s Party in 1916 and used protests and hunger strikes to push for women’s suffrage.
Who is Alice Paul?
This person advocated for vocational training and economic self-sufficiency as a path to Black uplift, favoring gradual change.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
This document was signed and ratified in 1865, provided a loophole for the continuation of enslavement in the U.S.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
This 1917 note promised Mexico the return of lost land if it allied with Germany, drawing the U.S. closer to war.
What is the Zimmermann Telegram?
This literary and philosophical movement emphasized nature, self-reliance, and personal truth.
What is transcendentalism?
This term means formal withdrawal from a nation or political body.
What is secession?
This political and economic system promotes collective ownership of property and a classless society, often seen as a threat by capitalist nations.
What is communism?
This meeting in 1848 called for an end to discrimination against women and the right to vote.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
This system forced formerly enslaved people to rent land and stay in cycles of debt, keeping them tied to plantations.
What is sharecropping?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision established the doctrine of “separate but equal.”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1898 war began after the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine and led to American control over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
What is the Spanish-American War?
Belief or system that ranks people by perceived race and uses that ranking to justify unequal treatment.
What is racism?
Belief that native-born people deserve more rights than immigrants.
What is nativism?
This man became president by default in the postbellum period after Lincoln was assassinated.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
This person is a key journalist and writer who founded the Alpha Suffrage Club and led crucial campaigns against lynching and segregation while demanding voting rights for Black women.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
This person led the 54th Massachusetts and died in battle alongside the soldiers he commanded.
Who is Colonel Robert Gould Shaw?
This person coined the concept of the “Talented Tenth” and argued for full civil rights for African Americans through education and protest.
Who is W.E.B. DuBois?
This legislative proposal aimed to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico during the 1840s.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
This legislative act divided the South into five military districts and forced new constitutions during Radical Reconstruction.
What is the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
This justice model focuses on repairing harm and reconciliation.
What is restorative justice?
This legal term refers to a system where segregation is enforced by law, like under Jim Crow.
What is de jure?
This term refers to when segregation exists in practice due to social and economic patterns, not law.
What is de facto?
This wave of religious energy in the early 1800s fueled major social reforms across the U.S.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
This group of four states—Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri—allowed slavery but stayed loyal to the Union, thus they were crucial to Union war strategy. They were called...
What are border states?
These immigrant groups faced discrimination when they arrived to the US in the 1840s, forced to live in tenement housing and work low-paying factory jobs.
Who are the Irish and German?
This act granted citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917.
What is the Jones Act?
Unequal treatment or assumptions based on wealth, occupational, educational, or social rank.
What is classism?
The ability to influence laws, people, or resources.
What is power?
This political leader led the Missionary Party that staged the coup to overthrow Hawai'i's last monarch in 1893 and became the first president of the state when it was annexed by the U.S.
Who is Sanford B. Dole?
This person became the first Black U.S. Senator, representing Mississippi during Reconstruction.
Who is Hiram Revels?
This person was a white military leader who became the first “Grand Wizard” of the Ku Klux Klan after the Civil War.
Who is Nathan Bedford Forrest?
This person proposed the Open Door Policy to guarantee American access to trade in China.
Who is John Hay?
This agreement allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
What is the Compromise of 1850?
This 1918 treaty between Russia and Germany ended Russia’s involvement in WWI and ceded large amounts of territory.
What is the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
This theory claimed that people below the equator were less human, less civilized, and farther from God.
What is the nec plus line?
This term refers to a post-Reconstruction period when violence, lynching, and white supremacy were at their worst in U.S. history.
What is the Nadir?
This term describes the idea that the people are the source of all political power and authority in a government.
What is popular sovereignty?
This 1858 raid led by John Brown, terrified slaveholders and made the South prepare for rebellion.
What is the raid at Harpers Ferry?
This agency, established in 1865, helped formerly enslaved people by providing food, education, and medical care.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
These stereotypical tropes were harmful to enslaved black women and were used to justify their abuse, labor and oppression under white capitalist patriarchy.
What are the Mammy, Sapphire, and Jezebel tropes?
This Pacific territory was divided among Germany, Great Britain, and the U.S. without the consent of its Indigenous people.
What is Samoa?
The belief that the United States should be defined as a Christian nation and that Christian beliefs should influence government and laws.
What is Christian nationalism?
The ability to act or resist even when freedom is limited.
What is agency?
This Chinese-American woman helped 10,000 Asian women enter the civic sector, fighting for women's suffrage, and was the first Chinese woman to vote.
Who is Dr. Mabel Ping Hua-Lee?
This person was a African American artist who created a 60-panel series documenting the experiences of African American migrants moving North during the 20th century.
Who is Jacob Lawrence?
This person was the last reigning monarch of Hawaii, overthrown by U.S. sugar planters with military backing.
Who is Queen Liliʻuokalani?
This journalist founded one of the first publication companies in the U.S. and helped create the phenomenon of "yellow journalism" by spinning headlines surrounding the Spain-Cuba conflict.
Who is William Randolph Hearst?
This treaty ended the Spanish-American War and granted the U.S. control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
This 1882 federal law was the first major act to restrict immigration based on nationality.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This idea was used to justify slavery by claiming Black people needed to be cared for like children by white enslavers.
What is southern paternalism?
This harmful practice of building and spreading false beliefs about certain groups being inferior or dangerous negatively shapes how people treat each other.
What is social pathology?
This policy allowed Southern states to rent out incarcerated people — often Black — to work in brutal conditions after slavery was abolished.
What is convict leasing?
This attempt by the American Colonization Society to ease racial tensions in 1816 involved sending free African Americans to a West African settlement, ignoring cultural ties and kinship. This settlement is now known as...
What is Liberia?
This clause allowed people to vote only if their grandfather could vote before Reconstruction — a way to block Black suffrage.
What is the grandfather clause?
This minstrel song written by Thomas D. Rice inspired the segregation system that operated under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
BONUS: What year was the song written?
What is "Jump Jim Crow"?
1832
This 1901 amendment gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs, making it a protectorate of the US and gaining U.S. control of Guantanamo Bay.
What is the Platt Amendment?
Hostility toward women that enforces their exclusion from power or independence.
What is misogyny?
Advantages certain groups receive simply because of who they are.
What is privilege?