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What is the term which refers to a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and art and architecture?
Civilization
Who was the Chaldean king of Babylon (605-562 BC) who rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city noted for its famous Hanging Gardens?
Nebuchadnezzar II
Who was the King of Persia (486-465 BC), the son of Darius I, whose armies invaded Greece, trying to succeed where his father had failed, but were eventually defeated by the Greeks?
In what ancient civilization did the people believe that gods controlled all-natural events, including the god of the sun who was known in various ages as Ra or Amun-Ra, as well as Anubis, Osiris, Isis, Horus, and Seth?
Egypt
What religion of India, founded about 500 BC, was a reaction to some Hindu practices and has followers who renounce worldly things, embrace self-discipline, and practice nonviolence?
Jainism
What is the name given to the time period following the Paleolithic Era (or Old Stone Age), marked by the use of tools, the introduction of agriculture, and a shift from food gathering to food production?
Neolithic Era
Who was king of Babylonia (c. 1792-1750 BC), a brilliant military leader who brought all of Mesopotamia into the Babylonian Empire and who is known for his uniform code of 282 laws, the earliest known set of written laws?
Hammurabi
What is the name of the monotheistic religion that originated with the Israelites, traces its origins to Abraham, and has its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Talmud?
Judaism
What symbols of this ancient civilization were built near the town of Giza as tombs for their rulers?
Pyramids
What is the religion that teaches the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path?
Buddhism
Name the ancient civilization and historical region in this area that makes up the southern part of modern Iraq. It is considered to be the first civilization.
Sumer
What group of people from northern Mesopotamia built a new empire about 900 BC that came to include all of Mesopotamia, as well as parts of Asia Minor and Egypt? They had a great library in their capital city of Nineveh.
Assyrians
What name is given to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, the most sacred texts of the Jewish faith?
Torah
What Egyptian pharaoh led an army against Hittite invaders of Egypt and ruled Egypt with extravagance, building more temples and monuments than any other Egyptian pharaoh?
Ramses the Great
What is the Chinese belief that royal authority is the result of divine approval?
Mandate of Heaven
What name was given to the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Southwest Asia that was part of the Fertile Crescent and one of the most important cradles of civilization?
Mesopotamia
What war-like Indo-European tribe settled in Asia Minor (Turkey) about 2000 BC and conquered the surrounding people using horse-drawn three-man war chariots? They built a strong empire and developed ironworking techniques.
Hittites
What name is given to the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine during the 2600 years that followed the destruction of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem in 586 by the Chaldeans?
Diaspora
What pharaoh or ruler of this kingdom restored the worship of their traditional gods after the previous pharaoh had tried to establish a monotheistic religion worshipping only Aten? The discovery of his tomb was one of the richest archaeological discoveries ever made.
King Tut
What belief system is based on the teachings of a Chinese philosopher who stressed treating one another humanely and honoring one’s family?
Confucianism
Name the best-known work of literature from this ancient civilization which told the story of a legendary king.
Epic of Gilgamesh
What people lived in a wealthy trading society that was built along the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, in the modern nation of Lebanon?
Phoenicians
Name the religion that took hold in parts of Persia during the reigns of Cyrus and Darius. It said the world had been created by a god named Ahura Mazda who was the source of everything good in the world and who was opposed by an evil spirit named Ahriman.
Zoroastrianism
What is the largest religion in India, followers of which believe that everything in the world is a power of Brahman, the single great universal being, and who strive to break free from the cycle of reincarnation?
Hinduism
Who founded this religion?
Siddhartha Gautama