Key Figures
He was Canada’s first Prime Minister and a key Father of Confederation.
Who is John A. Macdonald?
This year marks the official creation of Canada as a country.
What is 1867?
One major reason for Confederation was fear of invasion from this neighboring country.
What is the United States?
Indigenous peoples were largely included or excluded from Confederation discussions?
What is excluded?
Canada became this type of country with shared powers between levels of government.
What is a federation?
This leader from Canada East advocated for cooperation between French and English Canadians.
Who is George-Étienne Cartier?
This meeting in 1864 brought colonies together to discuss unity.
What is the Charlottetown Conference?
Building this transportation system would connect colonies and support trade.
What is the railway (Intercolonial Railway)?
These agreements between First Nations and the Crown were affected after Confederation.
What are treaties?
This document created Canada and outlined its system of government in 1867.
What is the British North America (BNA) Act?
He was a reformer and political rival of Macdonald before Confederation.
Who is George Brown?
This conference finalized the details that led to Confederation.
What is the Québec Conference?
Britain supported Confederation partly because it wanted colonies to become more this (self-managing).
What is self-governing / independent?
This government level became responsible for “Indians and lands reserved for Indians” after 1867.
What is the federal government?
This level of government handles national issues like defense.
What is the federal government?
This Nova Scotia leader later opposed Confederation strongly.
Who is Joseph Howe?
These political issues in the Province of Canada made governing difficult and led to calls for change.
What is political deadlock?
Economic problems included reliance on this British trade system, which ended in 1846.
What is the British preferential trade system?
Confederation ignored Indigenous sovereignty, meaning their right to govern themselves was (respected or not respected?).
What is not respected?
This level of government manages education and healthcare.
What is the provincial government?
This delegate represented Prince Edward Island but initially refused to join Confederation.
Who is a representative like George Coles?
This term describes the joining of separate colonies into one country.
What is Confederation?
This term describes sharing costs and resources among provinces to strengthen the economy.
What is economic union?
This policy later aimed to assimilate Indigenous peoples into settler society.
What is assimilation policy?
This concept divides power between central and regional governments.
What is federalism?