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Who was Juan Manuel Rosas?
Who is he identified with?
What were his tactics as a leader?
(133-35) Rosas dominated Argentina 1829-52. Used violence against political opponents as well as political imagery and mass propaganda. He put a picture of himself on church altars and forced people to wear red ribbons to support him. Those who did not were beaten. He is identified with hard-riding gauchos of the pampa and poor black workers in the city. Expanded territory for ranching by going to war and negotiation with indigenous tribes. Defeated British and French interventions in the 1830s and 40s.
What is a caudillo?
page 133
Caudillos were large landowners who could use their personal resources for patronage or for maintaining private armies
Most caudillos were from well off families and considered war heroes
Cultivated a “common touch”
Describe the economic problems.
130)
Silver mines
Transportation
Trade
Army
Import/export tarrifs
Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna of Mexico?
(135) Creole who fought against the patriots like Hidalgo/Morelos. He was the founding of the Mexican republic. He removed and appointed presidents including himself. He was an opportunist (common among caudillos).
Who was Rafael Carrera?
137) He was a conservative caudillo. He overthrew Morazan because they were socially and ideologically opposite. Carerra Guatemala’s welfare. He shielded the Catholic Church from liberal assaults and he honored local folk culture.
Why did Liberalism fail in South America
(128-9)
Creoles kept the government the same
Called for freedom in the Church
No resources or allies (131)
Who was Jose Antonio Paez of Venezuela
(135-7) Mixed race. He was Bolivar’s chief ally on the Orinoco Plains. He was the first president of Venezuela. He ruled over a coalition of regional caudillos.
What is patronage?
132)
The distribution of spoils to their friends and followers to reward their loyalty.
The conservatives preached that the common people should leave government affairs to “better”.
Why do you think many common people supported them?
(129)
Kept Catholicism
Who was Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
138) Francia was a very different kind of Caudillo. He wasn't a war hero and instead was a scholar, a doctor of theology, rather than a war hero. He secluded himself and his country Paraguay out from other LA countries, and in time Paraguay became self-sufficient without Europe’s help
What are Regents?
142)Adult guardians for emperor Pedro to rule in his name.
How long typically in the mid 1800’s did presidents hold office for?
132)
For a couple months or a few days
Who was Francisco Morazan?
137) He was born in Honduras. He had liberal reforms such as antichurch measures and a legal code imported directly from the US. They were unpopular.
What were the differences between the conservatives and the liberals?
(130)
Liberals: European models
Conservatives: colonial models
What happened with the Brazilian king and Brazil and liberalism?
141-3)