Europe & mercantilism
What system focused on extracting wealth from colonies for Europe?
Mercantilism
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
Who founded Rhode Island for religious freedom?
Roger Williams
What system ranked people based on skin color?
Pigmentation-based hierarchy
What war caused Britain to tax the colonies?
The French and Indian War
Who is known as the “mother of modern Europe”?
Isabella of Castile
Who helped Jamestown survive through strict leadership?
John Smith
What colony was founded for religious tolerance?
Rhode Island
What was someone's "personal property" called back then?
chattel
What taxes angered colonists after the war?
Tea and sugar taxes
Under Elizabeth I, England focused on producing what instead of cotton?
Wool
Who introduced tobacco as a cash crop?
John Rolfe
What group settled Plymouth?
Pilgrims
What early belief helped justify racism?
Social hierarchy based on race
What purchase doubled the size of the U.S.?
The Louisiana Purchase
Who used privateers to weaken Spain and gain wealth?
Queen Elizabeth I
What crop made Jamestown profitable?
Tobacco
What colony was known for Puritans and strict religious laws?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Who controlled Spain for hundreds of years before being expelled?
Muslims
What 1849 event brought mass migration west?
The California Gold Rush
What was the main goal of mercantilism?
To increase wealth and power of the mother country
What system rewarded people based on ability and hard work in Jamestown?
Meritocracy
What belief stated that kings ruled by God’s will?
Divine Right
What major economic resource tied Europe to racism and slavery?
Cotton
What war included the Alamo and expanded U.S. territory?
The Mexican-American War