Ancient Civilizations
Middle Ages
Exploration & Revolution
Industrial Age & Empires
World Wars
100

This river valley civilization developed hieroglyphics and built pyramids for its rulers.

Nile River

100

This social and economic system organized medieval Europe around land, loyalty, and protection.

Feudalism

100

This European movement emphasized humanism, classical learning, and new ideas in art and science.

Renaissance

100

This invention dramatically improved transportation and powered factories.

Steam Engine

100

This alliance system included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.

Triple Alliance

200

This Mesopotamian king is famous for creating one of the earliest written law codes.

Hammurabi

200

This Frankish ruler was crowned emperor by the pope in the year 800.

Charlemagne

200

This document declared American independence in 1776.

Declaration of Independence

200

This U.S. president issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

Abraham Lincoln

200

This 1917 telegram encouraged Mexico to attack the United States.

Zimmermann Telegram

300

This ancient Greek city-state is known as the birthplace of democracy.

Athens

300

This document, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king.

Magna Carta

300

This French prison was stormed in 1789, marking the start of the French Revolution.

Bastille

300

This British queen ruled during a period of industrial growth and empire expansion.

Queen Victoria

300

This policy of giving in to Hitler’s demands before World War II was meant to avoid war.

Appeasement

400

This Roman general crossed the Rubicon, helping end the Roman Republic.

Julius Caesar

400

This empire preserved Greek and Roman learning and was centered in Constantinople.

Byzantine Empire

400

This scientist developed the laws of motion and gravity.

Isaac Newton

400

This canal, opened in 1869, connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

Suez Canal

400

This 1942 battle is often considered a major turning point on the Eastern Front.

Battle of Stalingrad

500

This Chinese dynasty is known for standardizing writing, currency, and measurements after unifying China.

Qin Dynasty

500

This Moroccan city became a major center of learning and trade under Muslim dynasties and is home to one of the world’s oldest universities.

Fez

500

This Enlightenment thinker argued for the separation of powers in government.

Montesquieu

500

This German statesman unified Germany in 1871.

Otto von Bismarck

500

This 1945 conference divided Germany into occupation zones after World War II.

Yalta Conference