Africa
This is the only African state with a demarcated land border with Europe.
Morocco
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to Japan led to this Japanese political revolution in 1868.
Meiji Restoration
This church-turned-mosque in Istanbul, Turkey stands today as a secular building honoring both religions that built and renovated it.
Hagia Sophia
Proposed and ratified in 1947, this American policy allocated $400 million as aid to “free peoples” around the world in their resistance to Communism.
Truman Doctrine
This Venezuelan figure is often hailed as “the liberator” (el libertador) of many Latin American colonies.
Simón Bolívar
This ruler of the Mali Empire is regarded by many as the wealthiest man in human history.
Mansa Musa
This grandson of Genghis Khan was known by many as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
Kublai Khan
This German figure was fired from office following his objections to Kaiser Wilhem II’s policy of weltpolitik.
Otto Von Bismarck
Proposed by American President Woodrow Wilson in 1918, these statement of principles outlined Wilson’s vision of bringing peace and reparations to Europe in the aftermath of WWI.
14 Points
This failed CIA operation in 1961 exacerbated American-Cuban hostilities.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
This Egyptian Pharaoh is believed to have constructed the Great Pyramids of Giza.
Khufu
Korean nationalists gathered on this occasion in 1919 to protest against Japanese colonial rule over the peninsula.
March First Movement
This siege remains today as the deadliest siege in human history.
Siege of Leningrad
This American was known for the initiation of the Mexican-American War and the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
James K. Polk
This civilization was well known for its Eagle and Jaguar warriors.
Inca Empire
With their independence in 1910, this African nation was the first to gain independence from a European colonizer.
South Africa
This defense treaty was signed in Manila in 1954 involving 8 states, but was ultimately ineffective militarily due to conflicting security concerns.
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
This Spanish figure headed the Republican government against Francisco Franco’s nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War.
Manuel Azaña Díaz
The codename for the American and Allied invasion of French North Africa in WWII.
Operation Torch
Between 1974 and 1983, this Argentinian figure was the Commander in Chief of the Argentine Army during the DIrty War (Guerra Sucia).
Jorge Rafael Videla
The fearful impi warriors were of this African kingdom.
Zulu Kingdom
This decisive battle in 1954 between French forces and the Viet Cong marked the end of French colonial rule in Southeast Asia.
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
This defensive pact between Britain, France, and the Benelux countries is known to many as the precursor of NATO.
Brussels Treaty
In 1971, American President Richard Nixon unilaterally rendered obsolete this international economic system.
Bretton Woods System
This grassroots feminist movement that originated in Argentina has spread across many Latin American countries and have carried out the biggest demonstrations in the histories of many Latin American nations.
Ni Una Menos