People &
Their
Contributions
Their
Contributions
This German priest's protests against the Catholic Church helped begin the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
This movement began in sixteenth-century Europe and eventually led to a major division between Catholics and Protestants.
Protestant Reformation
What is the Catholic Reformation?
Also known as the Counter-Reformation, the response of the Catholic Church to the protest of Martin Luther and others who had separated from the Church. It consisted of an effort to clarify and re-present the teachings and pastoral practices inherent to Catholicism.
This saint founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.
St. Ignatius of Loyola
This former prisoner is the main character who changes his life and becomes a respected mayor.
Jean Valjean
Dominican preacher who traveled throughout Germany to sell indulgences using slogans such as “Another soul to heaven springs when in the box a shilling rings.”
Johann Tetzel
Martin Luther posted this document in Wittenberg in 1517, criticizing the selling of indulgences and other Church practices.
Ninety-Five Theses
What is predestination?
A belief that one’s actions are not only pre-known by God, but also predetermined.
This saint was known as the Curé d’Ars and became especially known for hearing confessions up to sixteen hours a day.
St. John Vianney
This police inspector spends years pursuing Jean Valjean because he believes Valjean must be punished for his past.
Javert
This French philosopher wrote The Social Contract and was one of the Enlightenment thinkers who criticized the Church.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This council met from 1545 to 1563 to clarify Catholic doctrine and address reforms within the Church.
Council of Trent
What is the Baroque era?
An artistic movement or dramatic style in art, architecture, and music originating around 1600.
This saint received apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary and was instructed to spread word of the importance of wearing a Miraculous Medal.
St. Catherine Labouré
This young woman is Fantine’s daughter and is raised by the Thénardiers before Jean Valjean takes care of her.
Cosette
This French philosopher was a Deist who believed in God but rejected the authority of Scripture and the Church.
Voltaire
This peace ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and helped establish religious and political arrangements in Europe.
Peace of Westphalia
What is rationalism?
A philosophy of the Enlightenment that taught that only human reason, separated from religious belief, can bring people into the light of knowledge.
This saint was visited by Mary at Lourdes, where Mary identified herself as the Immaculate Conception.
St. Bernadette Soubirous
This young student falls in love with Cosette and joins the freedom fighters at the barricade.
Marius Pontmercy
This French philosopher and mathematician became famous for the statement, “I think; therefore, I am.”
René Descartes
This agreement established the principle that the religion of a territory would follow the religion of its ruler.
Peace of Augsburg
What is Deism?
A belief that while God does exist and did create the world, he refrains from any kind of inference or direct participation in his creation.
This blessed founded the Congregation of Holy Cross, which eventually sent missionaries to the United States, where they founded the University of Notre Dame.
Bl. Basil Moreau
This student leads the group of freedom fighters at the barricade.
Enjolras