dialysis
fistula
history
100

the Kolff-Brigham dialysis machine allowed patients from world war 2 to survive with AKI

What was the first hemodialysis machine

100

doctors cut down a vein and inserted a handmade cannula each time a patient had dialysis.  This rendered the vein unusable

what is the first dialysis access

100

 treatment lasted 8-14 hours 

How long did the first hemodialysis sessions last

200

Pig casings wrapped around a wooden drum that rotates into a bath of dialysate

What is the fist dialyzer (artificial kidney)

200

In 1960, this device was used to shunt blood from the artery to the vein creating a continuous flow of blood allowing the first person with chronic kidney disease to have dialysis 

What is a Scribner Shunt

200

two physicians and a nurse 

how many people were needed to deliver hemodialysis in the early days

300

is the first type of dialyzer that was built in 1943 by Willem Kolff of the Netherlands.  This was viewed as a breakthough in dialysis.  It was made using membranous tubes made from pig casings 

what is a rotating drum kidney

300

The Scribner shunt used a new material that allowed blood to pass through without sticking

What is Tephlon

300

Cutting off the heads of leaches and squishing them releases leech saliva which contains hirudin, an anticoagulant and anti-platelet agent that works to prevent blood clots and thin blood  

What is the first anticlotting agent in hemodialysis

400

this type of dialyzer was developed in 1960. It directs the flow of dialysis solution and blood through alternating layers of membranous material 

what is a kiil dialyzer

400

Drs Brescia and Cimino developed a long term way to access the bloodstream making the Scribner shunt obsolete

What is a fistula

400

a hollow flow dialyzer made from synthetic polysolfone with good filtering efficiency and tolerability and is still used today.

what is the current dialyzer

500

during WWII this normally fatal kidney condition was viewed by scientists as a preventable death

Acute kidney injury

500

due to the high cost of hemodialysis, by the end of 1960, 40 percent of patients on hemodialysis were being dialyzed in these types of places. 

what is home dialysis

500

In Roman times hot baths, sweating therapy, bloodletting and enemas were the treatment for this problem and if left untreated would lead to death

what is kidney failure