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Pre-Colonial
British Colonialism
Independence
Partition
Current Events
100
Sidartha Guatama began which religion in India?
Buddhism
100
What were the immediate consequences of British rule in India?
Rebellions, the end of the Moghul line by violence, transfer of power from the British East India Company to the British Raj, famine, plague, and population growth.
100
Can the British be blamed for encouraging Hindu and Muslim hatred? Why or why not?
Yes. By dividing the two groups and inciting hatred and violence, the Muslims and Hindus were too busy fighting each other to mount a resistance to the British.
100
How, geographically and politically, was India divided in the Partition?
The so-called "Radcliff Line" divided the country in to India, West Pakistan and East Pakistan (Bangladesh). The line was drawn based on religious demographics. The princely states were allowed to choose which countries to join. Punjab and Bengal were split in half, leading to violence.
100
List 3 issues currently facing India and Pakistan.
Nuclear weapons race, conflict in Kashmir, religious fundamentalism in Pakistan, terrorism and violence in both countries.
200
The Indus River
The first civilization in India is named after this river in India.
200
Why did the British take over India?
To control trade and trade routes.
200
What dates did India and Pakistan gain their independence?
Pakistan= August 14, 1947 India= August 15, 1947
200
List 2 things that happened in the aftermath of partition.
Massive migrations, violence and slaughter on both sides, 1947 Indo-Pakistani War, conflict over Kashmir.
200
What is the conflict in Kashmir about?
When the countries were partitioned the region was divided between Muslims and Hindus. No one could decide who it should belong to, and India got it by default and threat of military force. Pakistani incursions and support for rebellions in the area lead to conflict.
300
Which 2 "western" countries took over India prior to the British?
Persia and Greece
300
How did the British begin their involvement in India?
The British East India Company was given permission and permits by the Mughal emperor to trade within India.
300
Name 3 things that led to Indian Independence.
Gandhi's protests and non-violent leadership, WWI, WWII, the election of the sympathetic Labour Party in Britain.
300
What are the perspectives on partition?
One is that Britain did things too quickly and that led to all of the violence and migration. Another is that Britain acted appropriately because of an impending civil war.
300
How has terrorism impacted India and Pakistan?
Muslim terrorists have targeted and attacked India in the last few years, including the bombing of a train in Mumbai. There has also been terrorism directed at Muslims in India, specifically the 2002 Gujarat Riots.
400
What are three cultural impacts of the Muslim "Delhi" Sultanate in India?
The "Urdu" language, architecture, music, literature, clothing and religion.
400
Explain the British policy of "Divide and Rule".
The British would turn local leaders' attention to deep seated hatreds and old feuds in any given area to distract anyone who would oppose British rule in India.
400
What was the process by which India and Pakistan gained Independence?
The British Viceroy, Louis Mountbatton, set a date for independence and said that if the question of Hindus and Muslims wasn't settled by then they would probably be dealing with a civil war.
400
What issues arose between East Pakistan (Bangladesh) and Pakistan?
Language discrimination, physical barriers, Bengali nationalism and political differences. This led to the Bengali Civil War, culminating in the deaths of 1.5-3 million people.
400
Why have India and Pakistan ended up in such different places given their shared histories?
Education, regional turmoil, political differences/leadership styles, economic growth, etc...
500
Name one tactic that the Mughal empire use to integrate themselves into India?
They married into leading local families, observed Hindu holy days, used violence or threat of force, rolled back taxes for non-Muslims, and fused the two cultures together.
500
What was life like for Muslims in British controlled India?
Muslims were politically and socially marginalized. There was conflict between Muslims and Hindus on a variety of issues on both a large and small scale. There were calls for a separate state.
500
Outline what the Hindus wanted from Independence. Outline what the Muslims wanted from Independence.
Hindu- A united, secular India made up of Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Jainists, etc., including all territories, free from British rule and/or interference. Muslim- An India free from British rule in which the Hindu majority would share power with the Muslim minority. When that hope broke down they began to ask for a separate state.
500
What was life like for the refugees migrating after partition?
Many were subject to harassment and violence before and during their journey. Governments on both sides weren't equipped to handle the influx of new people, and many migrants lived in refugee camps for decades. Tens of thousands of people died on the journey or as a result of violence. Millions of people were displaced and forced to abandon their homes.
500
Compare and Contrast India and Pakistan currently.
Too many to list...