Commissions/groups
Commission created in 1968 to address the reasons for the riots of the 1960's.
(Kerner Commission)
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
The terrorist attacks committed by Al Qaeda
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
A rudimentary for of policing, designed to protect against crime, disturbances, and fire. All Englishmen were required to serve on it.
Watch and Ward
Early Roman firefighters who also patrolled Rome's streets to protect citizens
Vigiles
Any act that the government has declared to be contrary to the public good, that is declared by statute to be a _______, and that is prosecuted in a criminal proceeding. In some jurisdictions, this only includes felonies and/or misdemeanors.
CRIME
Published the first national study of the U.S. criminal justice system in 1931.
Wickersham Commission
Infamous U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1857 ruling that slaves had no rights as citizens because they were considered property.
Dred Scott decision
A method developed in early England for citizens to summon assistance from fellow members of the community.
Hue and Cry
An official assigned to keep the peace in the mutual pledge system in England.
Constable
The initial taking into custody of a person by law enforcement authorities to answer for a criminal offence or violation of a code or ordinance.
Arrest
Weekly crime strategy meetings, featuring the latest computerized crime statistics and high-stress brainstorming; developed by the NYPD in the mid-1990's.
CompStat
Federal cabinet department established in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth century in England.
Mutual Pledge
Private English citizens with no official status paid by the king for every criminal they arrested. They were similar to the bounty hunter of the American West.
Thief-Takers
A vote by jurors to either ignore the evidence in a trial or disregard the instructions of a judge to reach a verdict based on their own consciences.
Jury nullification
Common law descendant of the old hue and cry. If a crime spree occurred or a dangerous criminal was in the area, the U.S. frontier sheriff would call upon the ________________, a Latin term meaning "the power of the county."
Posse comitatus
The 1991 videotaped beating of an African American citizen by members of the Los Angeles Police Department.
Rodney King incident
System of policing created by Sir Robert Peele for the London Metropolitan Police in 1829 in which officer were assigned to relatively small permanent posts.
Beat system
Select group of highly qualified members of the military established by the Roman emperor Augustus to protect him and his palace.
Praetorian Guard
The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks.
Reasonable Suspicion
Commission that issued a report in 1967 entitled The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. The commission was created in the wake of the problems of the 1960s, particularly the problems between police and citizens.
Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration Justice
Became law in 1920 and forbade the sale and manufacture of alcohol.
Volstead Act (National Prohibition, 18th Amendment)
Police-type organizations created in the American South during colonial times to control slaves and support the southern economic system of slavery.
Slave patrols
Early English official placed in charge of shires (counties) as part of the system of mutual pledge; evolved into the modern concept of the sheriff.
Shire-reeve
Basic guidelines created by Sir Robert Peel for London Metropolitan Police in 1829.
Peel's Nine Principles