Psychology's Approaches
How we learn observable responses.
Behavioral
The first female president of the American Psychological Association. She created self-psychology, which emphasized a self-evaluation of one’s personal experiences.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Wrote the Principles of Psychology and is the founder of functionalism. He created the James-Lange theory and mentored Mary Whiton Calkins.
William James
The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.
Biological Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences
Biological
Developed theories of evolution and natural selection. His beliefs inspire the evolutionary approach in psychology.
Charles Darwin
Known for his work in classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Cognitive Psychology
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, and marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
Counseling Psychology
How we encode, process, store and retrieve information
Cognitive
An advocate for the mentally ill by highlighting the deplorable conditions in asylums. She created the first mental hospitals in America.
Dorothea Dix
Created stages of development for children including the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operation phases.
Jean Piaget
The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.
Evolutionary Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treat people with psychological disorders.
Clinical Psychologist
How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment
Humanistic
Father of psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
A behaviorist psychologist. He created the theory of operant conditioning where he studied how consequences shape behavior.
B.F. Skinner
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Developmental Psychology
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
Psychiatrist
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Psychodynamic
Known as the founder of educational psychology and child psychology. He shaped adolescent themes in psychology.
G. Stanley Hall
Created the first psychology laboratory. Also the founder of structuralism.
Wilhelm Wundt
The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Personality Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.
Community Psychologist