Early Peoples and Trade
Who were the earliest people of Southern Africa?
Indigenous hunter-gatherers and farmers.
Name one powerful kingdom in Southern Africa.
Great Zimbabwe.
Which European country founded Cape Colony?
The Dutch.
Which two countries had long civil wars?
Mozambique and Angola.
What does apartheid mean?
Apartness.
Name two goods traded within Southern Africa.
Gold, ivory (also copper, salt).
What resource made Great Zimbabwe wealthy?
Gold
Why did Europeans first come to Southern Africa?
To trade and resupply ships.
When did Mozambique’s civil war end?
1994.
Who led the fight against apartheid?
African National Congress (ANC).
How did trade help communities grow stronger?
It brought wealth, tools, and new ideas.
How did controlling trade routes increase a kingdom’s power?
It allowed them to control goods and wealth.
How did the discovery of gold and diamonds change Southern Africa?
It increased European control and conflict.
Why did rebel groups fight after independence?
For power and control of government.
How did apartheid laws affect black South Africans?
They lost rights and were forced into homelands.
Why was access to the coast important for trade?
It allowed trade with Asia and the Middle East.
Why did Great Zimbabwe decline?
Overpopulation and lack of resources.
How did colonisation affect African societies?
Loss of land, power, and independence.
How did civil wars affect everyday people?
Caused poverty, deaths, and instability.
Why did other countries place embargos on South Africa?
To pressure the government to end apartheid.
Do you think trade was more important than farming for early kingdoms? Why?
(sample): Trade was important because it connected kingdoms to global markets and increased wealth.
Which kingdom do you think was most influential and why?
(sample): Great Zimbabwe, because of its stone buildings and trade network.
Was European rule more harmful or beneficial to Africans? Explain.
(sample): More harmful, because Africans lost rights and resources.
Could independence alone guarantee peace? Why or why not?
(sample): No, because strong leadership and unity are also needed.
Why was Nelson Mandela’s election in 1994 important?
(sample): It showed the end of apartheid and the start of democracy.