Mohammed and Islam (I)
This was Mohammed’s profession as a young man.
merchant in a camel caravan
The Umayyad Caliphate adopted this principle for selection its leaders.
dynastic succession
Between 1000 and 1300, the population of Europe did this.
It doubled
The Christian concept of “holy war” was first pioneered here.
Spain
A division between these two groups made Jerusalem vulnerable to crusader attack in the First Crusade.
Turks and Fatimids
This term refers to Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 BCE.
Hijra
The Umayyads attempted to eliminate this group by killing their leader, Hussein.
Shia
This group in medieval society trained in mounted warfare and was supposed to abide by a code of chivalry.
nobles
He proposed an expedition to the East to aid the Byzantines in 1074, although it never actually took place.
Gregory VII
This crusader took control of Edessa, after the Christian ruler who had adopted him was killed.
Baldwin of Boulogne
Ideally, Muslims are expected to do this at least once in their lifetime.
go on a pilgrimage to Mecca
This Shiite Caliphate established independent control over Egypt in the 900s AD.
Fatimids
This group in medieval society was expected to remain unmarried as a sign of purity.
clergy
Once they had taken a vow to go on pilgrimage, would-be crusaders received this.
a sign of the cross on their shoulder
This Muslim commander suffered a defeat at the Battle of Dorylaeum when he mistook part of the crusader army for the whole.
Kilij Arslan
A term meaning “deputy,” which refers to the leaders of the Muslim community after Mohammed.
caliph
They took over the Abbassid Caliphate in the 1000s AD and began to challenge the Byzantine Empire.
Seljuk Turks
The Magna Carta and Parliament limited the power of the government in this country.
England
Urban promised that those who died on the crusade would receive this.
immediate salvation
This crusader led the effort to infiltrate the city of Antioch by bribing a captain of the guard.
Bohemund
Upon his return to Mecca in 630, Mohammed purified this religious shrine and made it central to Muslim religious practice.
the Kaaba
This Muslim Empire was centered in Baghdad and was known for treating non-Arabs more fairly than its predecessors had.
Abbassid Caliphate
This group in medieval society generally enjoyed freedom from military obligation and the right to bequeath/sell property.
townspeople
One reason that Urban encouraged knights to go on crusade was to end this.
fighting among Christians in Europe
This event emboldened the crusaders besieged in Antioch and helped them lead a successful attack against Kerbogha’s army.
Discovery of the Holy Lance