Juvenile Court Orgins
The first juvenile court was established in here in 1899.
Cook County, Illinois
This 1967 case gave juveniles many of the same due process rights as adults.
What is In re Gault?
This media-fueled myth claimed youth criminals were becoming super-violent.
What is the “superpredator” myth?
This era’s belief that children were inherently sinful led to harsh punishments, sometimes even deadly violence.
What is the Puritan era?
This Latin phrase means “the state acts as the parent” in juvenile justice philosophy.
What is parens patriae?
This 2005 case banned the death penalty for crimes committed by minors.
What is Roper v. Simmons?
Black youth were this many times more likely to be incarcerated than white youth during this period.
What is four times?
Maryland’s 1684 law allowing execution of rebellious youths was called this.
What is the Stubborn and Rebellious Act?
One way juvenile courts protected youth from stigma was by keeping these confidential.
What are court records and proceedings?
This 2010 case prohibited life without parole for non-homicide juvenile offenses.
What is Graham v. Florida?
Juvenile incarceration peaked in 1997 at over this many youths in residential placement.
100,000
These two groups were disproportionately targeted by early juvenile laws and punishments
Who are poor and immigrant youth?
Juvenile courts emphasized rehabilitation over this.
What is punishment?
This 2012 case struck down mandatory life without parole for juvenile homicide offenders.
What is Miller v. Alabama?
Many incarcerated youth in the 1990s were convicted of offenses that were not this.
Violent Offenses