French Revolution
Before the revolution French society was divided into three groups called __________.
estates
At the time of the revolution, France was ruled by King __________ XVI and his wife __________ Antoinette.
Louis
Marie
What is a coup d'état?
A. A peace treaty
B. A military parade
C. A sudden overthrow of a government
D. A new constitution
C
Saint-Domingue was a French colony located in the __________ Sea.
Before the revolution, Saint-Domingue was ruled by wealthy French __________ and plantation owners.
Caribbean
Aristorcrats
In the early 1800s, most of South America was ruled by which European country?
Spain
The French Revolution began in the late _____ century. Many French people were inspired by the success of the __________ Revolution.
18th, year 1789
American
Although the Third Estate made up most of the population, it paid the majority of the __________.
taxes
Napoleon became a national hero after winning military victories in __________. His successes made many people believe he could bring stability to France.
Italy against Austria
sugar cane
coffee
People born in Spain who moved to the colonies held most of the important government positions. They were known as the __________.
People of Spanish ancestry who were born in the colonies were called __________. Many of them became leaders of the independence movements.
peninsulares
creole
The First Estate was made up of the __________, while the Second Estate consisted of the __________.
The Third Estate included peasants, workers, and the __________ class.
clergy
noblemen
middle
The revolutionary slogan was "Liberty, Equality, and __________."
King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were eventually found guilty of treason and executed by the __________.
Fraternity
guillotine
After the French Revolution, France was ruled by the Directory, a government controlled by #____ leaders. Because power was held by only a few people, some historians describe it as an __________.
5
oligarchy
Nearly __________ enslaved Africans lived in Saint-Domingue before the revolution.
n 1791, enslaved people began a revolt by attacking and burning __________.
500, 000
plantations
In the early 1800s, many people in China became addicted to __________, a drug imported by British traders. Concerned about the growing problem, a Chinese official named __________ Zexu, acting on behalf of the Qing emperor ordered large amounts of opium brought by British traders to be seized and destroyed. Britain responded by sending its powerful navy, leading to the __________.
opium
Lin Zexu
Opium War
During a period known as the Reign of __________, thousands of people were executed. This period was led largely by the man named __________ .
Terror
Robespierre
Although the French Revolution began with hopes for liberty and equality, it became a time of fear and violence. Thousands of people lost their lives to the __________, which became a symbol of the Revolution
guillotine
Napoleon was sent to __________ in 1798. Officially, the mission was intended to weaken __________ trade routes, but some members of the Directory were also happy to have the popular general far from France.
Egypt
British
The most important leader of the Revolution in Saint Domingue was __________ Louverture.
Napoleon sent an army to regain control of Saint-Domingue, but many French soldiers died from __________ fever.
After defeating the French, Saint-Domingue became the independent country of __________.
Answer: Toussaint
Answer: yellow
Answer: Haiti
The people of Venezuela gave Simón Bolívar this title because he helped free several South American countries from Spanish rule.
This South American country was named in honor of Simón Bolívar after gaining independence from Spain.
What is The Liberator (El Libertador)
Bolivia
The Storming of the ________ (the fortress-prison in Paris) was a symbolic attack on the king's power. It marked the beginning of the French Revolution and showed that the people were ready to fight for change.
Members of the Third Estate took an oath not to separate until they had written a new constitution in this event.
Bastille
The Tennis court Oath
_______= rule by a few people.
______ = rule by a king or queen.
_____ = rule by the people.
_________= rule by one person with near-total power.
oligarchy
Monarchy
Democracy
Dictatorship
When Napoleon returned to Paris in 1799, he overthrew the Directory and replaced the five-man committee with three __________. Although there were three leaders on paper, Napoleon, as ______, held most of the power.
In 1804, Napoleon crowned himself __________ of France.
Consuls
First Consul
Emperor
1812 Napoleon invades _______with a massive army of over 600,000 soldiers. The campaign is a disaster because of lack of supplies, disease, and the harsh winter.
1813 Napoleon's enemies become stronger. Countries such as Russia, Austria, and Prussia join together against him.
1814 The allies invade France. Napoleon is forced to abdicate (give up power) and is exiled to the island of _____ in the Mediterranean Sea.
1815 Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France. This period is known as the________. Many soldiers join him again.
A few months later, he is defeated at the Battle of ______by forces led by Arthur Wellesley.
After which, he is exiled again, this time to ______ in the Atlantic Ocean, where he remains until his death in 1821.
Russia
Elba
Hundred Days
Waterloo
Saint Helena
José de San Martín led his army across the __________ Mountains to attack the Spanish. He helped liberate Chile and later drove the Spanish out of __________, the capital of Peru. After meeting Simón Bolívar, he stepped aside and allowed Bolívar to complete the struggle for South American independence.
Andes
Lima