Political Decline
What three periods did al-Andalus go through?
Taifa Kingdoms, the Almoravid rule, and the Almohad rule
Which Muslim kingdom that endured on the peninsula during the late middle ages?
The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
What happened to the christian states during the 11th, 12th, and 13th century?
They were consolidated as kingdoms
What were the peninsular states governed by?
Who repopulated the territories conqured by the muslims?
The christians
What did each taifa include?
a main city with a dominate ethnic group
What was the most important architectural work of this time?
The Alhambra
Who united Castilla and León in 1230?
Fernando III
It was limited by the autonomy of the manors (señoríos) and the cities
What was the repartimiento system?
Where were the Berbers located?
Malaga and Sevilla
Who was Emir Mohammed ben al-Ahmar?
Founder of the Nasrid dynasty & builder of the Alcazaba
When was the crown of Aragón formed?
After 1137, when Petronilla and Ramón Berenguer IV
What is unitary rule?
A single kingdom, where the power of the king was greater (his power was believed to be given by god)
What are the four military orders?
- Calatrava
- Alcantara
- Montesa
- Santiago
What happened to the Almohads in the third taifa period?
They were conquered by the christians
What were the favorable circumstances of the Kingdom of Granada?
- geographic location south of the Sierra Nevada and access to the Mediterranean
What happened to the kingdom of Navarra after the conquest of Calahorra?
It couldn't continue its territorial expansion
What is federal rule?
it is composed of several kingdoms that had their own laws and customs. The king has less authority
Who was the military made up of?
warrior monks, who lived in fortified monasteries
Name one of the main artistic accomplishments of the first taifa kingdom
Aljafería Palace (Zaragoza) or Alcazaba of Malaga
What made the Nasrid economy flourish?
Expansion of irrigation, mining, textiles, trade of silk with Muslim Africa, peninsular Christian Kingdoms and the rest of Europe
When did Portugal become independent from León?
1143
What is territorial administration?
The king directly controlled only his own manors and nobles/clergy controlled their own lands
What is a charter?
a code of laws from the king which included duties, rights and privileges, militray aid that needed to be provided, taxes that needed to be paid, etc