India
Ireland
Cuba
China
100

Who was Mohandas Ghandi?

Lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, and to later inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world

100

What were the causes for Ireland wanting independence from the UK?

  • The English didn’t help the Irish during the potato famine which angered them

  • 1801 Irish parliament 

  • differences in religion

  • oppression of Irish culture

  • executed protesters in Dublin

100

Who was Castro? 

Communist leader who overthrew Batista and gained complete control over Cuba.

100

Who was Sun Yat-Sen?

A revolutionary and political leader who played a key role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and establishing the Republic of China. The Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and socialism), influenced various political movements, including the CCP and the GMD.

200

What were 3 social issues in India? 

  • Low literacy rate had to change the education

  • Rights of women legally more protected but socially not

  • Low life expense therefore rowing need of children

  • Gave starelized program, intensity for people to have smaller families

200

What was the Irish Potato Famine?

  • 1845-1852

  • Caused by parasite called Phytophthora Infestans ruined entire potato crops across europe

  • Ireland relied almost entirely on potatoes for food and export

  • 1 million Irish people died from famine and another emigrated from country

  • Wealthy landowners in Ireland continued to collect and export what little crops survived in order to continue making a profit

  • economic

200

Who was Fulgencio Batista?

A Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as a military dictator from 1952 to 1959, until he was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution. His rule of the country significantly advanced Castro’s rise to power as Batista led a bloody leadership and often used public executions, torching, and military coups as fear mongering tactics.

200

What was the "Stamp out opposition"?

Encouraged self criticism, lots of arrests and executions. Mao wanted to support communism by purging remnants of capitalism. Both Mao and Castro used purges and violent methods to deal with opposing forces.

300

What were 3 economical issues in India? 

Poverty, unemployment, landlessness, and an unequal distribution of resources.

300

What were the Irish Penal Laws?

  • 1695-1840s Laws that were passed against Roman Catholics in Ireland that penalizes practice of Roman Catholicism

  • Caused rebellions

  • ex)no intermarriage with Protestants, Catholics couldn’t vote or hold public office

  • 1704 penal laws disallowed Catholics from buying or renting land for 30 yrs; allowed Protestants to take ownership of 95% of land 

  • Social and political

300

Who was Jose Marti?

Cuban poet and essayist, patriot and martyr, who became the symbol of Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain. Author of the revolutionary poem “White Rose.”

300

What was the purpose of The Three and Five Antis Campaigns (1951-52)?

Targeting corruption, waste, capitalism, and counter revolutionaries. Turning workers against their employers, solidified Mao’s authority as the leader of China. Purged opposition within the Communist Party.

400

What was the Impact of WW2 on India?

  • Created opportunities for nationlist leaders while Britain was distracted

  • Indians outraged that British signed Atlantic charter guaranteeing self determination

  • British unable to maintain empire after expensive war

400

Who was Michael Collins & the 12 Apostles & Bloody Sunday?

- a significant leader of the Michael Collins squad

- Can be considered a freedom fighter and a terrorist 

- 12 Apostles were a group of assassins who targeted British spies and anyone who they suspected worked for the British 

  • Bloody Sunday:

    • Michael Collins and his squad shot and killed 14 British secret service agents in their bed 

    • Within a matter of 12 months and 16 days, Ireland was a nation again


400

What was The Rebel Army?

The M-26-7 army was formed after the failed overthrow of the leader of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista. The rebel army slowly defeated the Cuban army in the countryside, while its urban wing engaged in sabotage and rebel army recruitment.

400

What was the purpose & impact of The Campaign against the Four Olds?

Called on people to denounce the ‘Four Olds’

- old thoughts/ideas, old habits, old cultures, old customs.

- Many schools/universities were closed

- Cultural/religious artifacts were destroyed 

- Pupils attacked teachers

- Intellectuals targeted (Media, Education, Science, Art)

500

What was the Quit India Campaign?

A movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India

500

What was the Easter Rising of 1916?

  • Dublin 1916

  • IRB attack on British forces

  • Lost the battle but became rallying cry for independence

  • Radical republicans saw WW1 as perfect time for uprising

  • a group of Radical Republican Revolutionaries fought the British for 6 days for an independent Ireland. 

  • At first, many people angered the revolutionaries for causing damage but later began to support them and their fight for independence. 

  • Irish lose battle but British publicly execute the leaders (proves point that British are tyrants, aggressive)

  • Similar to Boston Massacre(making British look like bad guys from Irish)

  • Short term failure, long term success

  • They win political power(1918) because British looked so bad that they won next election

500

What was "The Year of Education,” 1961?

The year of education was a literacy campaign and included the early educational reforms established under Castro’s reign. The goal of the campaign was to eliminate illiteracy in Cuba by enabling all citizens to reach at least a first-grade level of reading and writing ability.

500

What was the Century of Humiliation?

Refers to the period from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, during which China faced numerous foreign invasions, humiliations, and unequal treaties. This historical backdrop fueled nationalist sentiments and a desire for China to regain its strength and independence, providing a backdrop for the rise of CPC.