A
This theologian taught every man is sinful and only saved by grace of God and also wrote Confessions, a spiritual autobiography:
St. Augustine
St. Jerome precisely translated the Bible into _____, the common language of the people of the time, in 405 A.D.
Latin
From 527-565 A.D., Justinian the Great ruled the ____ Empire, the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the West.
Byzantine
____ was a hero of the Battle of Tours, which stopped the spread of Islam across Christian Europe.
Charles Martel
Why was the Feudal System deemed necessary during the Middle Ages?
to protect against barbarian attacks
The time period c. 400-1000 A.D. is known as _________ and characterized by barbarian invasions and Vikings.
The Middle Ages
Hundreds of years after His death, questions remained about the person of Jesus, so 600 bishops met at ______ in 451 A.D. to search Scriptures for answers.
Council of Chalcedon
Who built the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople?
Justinian the Great
Who had himself crowned king by the Pope, causing an ongoing struggle between the Papacy and Empire throughout the Middle Ages?
Pepin the Short
The 1054 East-West Schism of the Church was largely due to differences in views on the Holy Spirit and ______.
church government
Who conquered Constantinople in 1453 putting an end to the Vikings’ and barbarians’ influence in Europe?
Mohammed II
The Council of Chalcedon declared Jesus Christ to be both fully ___ and fully ___.
God, man
Who founded Islam after a vision from Angel Gabriel?
Mohammed
The Pope crowned ____ “Holy Roman Emperor” and he focused on his rule on law and order, culture and learning, and Christianity.
Charlemagne (or Charles the Great)
William the Conqueror crowned himself king of England in 1066 after winning what battle?
Battle of Hastings
What language did Christ and His apostles speak?
Aramaic
Who wrote rules for monasteries, including prayer & worship intervals, manual work, self-sufficiency?
St. Benedict
Islamic teachings are found in what book?
The Koran
The rulers Charles Martel, Pepin the Short, and Charlegmagne, ruling from 714-814, were related in what way?
father, son, grandson
Charles Martel->Pepin->Charlemagne
Sadly, churches sold ____ as “tickets to heaven” in order to pay for the expensive building of cathedrals beginning in the 1100s.
"indulgences"
The ____ is the Old Testament translation from Hebrew to Greek for Jews written in c. 200 B.C.
Septuagint
Monks and nuns took three vows: ____, Chastity, and Obedience.
Poverty
Islamic followers, or _____, are expected to follow 5 “works-based” pillars or tenets.
Muslims
Who was the King of Wessex (England) about the same time Charlemagne died and defeated the Danes at the Battle of Edington?
Alfred the Great
The Crusades began when Pope Urban II urged followers to reclaim what city from the Muslims?
Jerusalem