People/Groups
A liberal noble who challenged Louis XVI at the Assembly of the Notables and became a hero of 1789; head of the National Guard
The Marquis de Lafayette
The storming of the Bastille
July 14 1789
An event in June of 1905, triggered by officers with a liking for corporal punishment and the serving of maggot-ridden meat to mistreated sailors.
The sailors, inspired by civilian uprisings in the cities, rebelled and killed or expelled the ship's officers
The Potemkin Mutiny
The key economic factor that contributed to revolutionary action by the urban workers of Paris and peasants
The harvest crisis and food shortages
This document served as a forerunner to all three revolutionary constitutions and a cornerstone document for political clubs and movements. It also set goals and standards for subsequent national governments – standards that were ignored and trampled on during the radical phase of the revolution
The Declaration of Rights and Man and Citizens
I was a minor aristocrat of Polish birth who oversaw the Bolshevik party’s much-feared security agencies, the Cheka and the OGPU
Felix Dzerzhinsky
Lenin’s arrival at the Finland Station in Petrograd
April 16 1917
This pre-Revolutionary condition is characterized by an absence of democracy, inefficient and corrupt public service, military based on privilege, a conservative church resistant to change, a system that was not sustainable, all controlled by one man
Institutional Weakness
the idea that governments derive their authority from the consent and support of the people, not from God
Popular sovereignty
Law passed by the National Convention to streamline revolutionary justice, denying the accused any effective right to self-defense and eliminating all sentences other than acquittal or death
Law of 22 Prairal II
Political party that won support from peasants with promises of land reform but ultimately left in the ‘dustbin of history’ by the Bolsheviks seizure of power in October 1917
The Mensheviks
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed, withdrawing Russia from the First World War, ceding much of the former territory of the Russian Empire
March 3 1918
Prompted by bankruptcy, this helped spark a pamphlet war and prompted the ‘Cahiers de’, igniting public debate about popular sovereignty and the role of the Third Estate
The calling of the Estates-General
the expulsion of the Girondin Government from June 1793, where people rose up against what they perceived to be a centralised governing power in Paris
Federalist revolts
From this document: We call on all true sons of Russia to remember the homeland, to help put a stop to this unprecedented unrest and, together with this, to devote all their strength to the restoration of peace to their native land
The October Manifesto
Played a role in the 1905 revolution but were most critical in the February 1917 revolution when they came out in support of the striking workers and sealed the fate of the tsarist regime.
Played a key role in October 1917, joining the Bolsheviks in the seizure of power
The Soviets OR
Workers Councils OR
Petrograd Soviet
The Women’s March to Versailles
October 5 1789
A monumental test for the tsarist regime which it failed utterly, resulting in it losing the support of almost every social group and institution in the empire and, ultimately, prompting Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication
Russia’s involvement in WW1
dioceses were redrawn in line with state administrative divisions, clergy were to be paid by the state according to a new salary scale, and priests and bishops were to be elected by citizens
Reforms to the church
From this document: 10. Total administrative power belongs to the Sovereign Emperor throughout the entire Russian State. At the highest level of administration His authority is direct; at subordinate levels of administration He entrusts a certain degree of power, in conformity with the law, to the proper agencies or officials, who act in His name and in accordance with His orders…
The Fundamental Laws of 1906
Established by, and operated under, the Constitution of 1791, this groups was the second phase of the French Revolution. It replaced the National Constituent Assembly, which had been responsible for drafting the new constitution
The Legislative Assembly
Massacre at Champs le Mar
17 July 1971
This event on this date demonstrated that the common people of France were prepared to act violently for political purposes – this time in defence of the Parlements
The Day of Tiles
7 June 1788
introduced socialist policies that aimed to modernise social and cultural life in Russia, including banning religion; brought in an eight-hour day for workers, as well as unemployment pay and pensions; and passed initiatives in education and women’s rights
The New Decrees issued by the Sovnarkom
From this document: To these important interests should be added another aim equally important and very close to the hearts of the two sovereigns: namely, to put an end to the anarchy in the interior of France, to check the attacks upon the throne and the altar, to reestablish the legal power, to restore to the king the security and the liberty of which he is now deprived, and to place him in a position to exercise once more the legitimate authority which belongs to him
The Brunswick Manifesto